Modulation of Endogenous Opiate Production: Effect of Fasting

Molina, Patricia E.; Hashiguchi, Yojiro; Meijerink, W. J. H. J.; Naukam, Rebecca; Boxer, Robert; Abumrad, Naji N.

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1189

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The values reported to date range from 0.1 to 25 pmol/g brain tissue Molina et al, 1995;Donnerer et al, 1987;Munjal et al, 1996;Guarna et al, 1998). Taking the above information into consideration, we assessed the catalytic activity of the human brain by incubating 1 pmol morphine with homogenate equivalent to 1 g tissue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the µ3 receptor, a µ-receptor subtype specific for opiate alkaloids, is widely distributed in peripheral tissues including immune and nervous tissues, and endogenous morphine is assumed to play a role as a chemical mediator for various biological systems as well as acting as an analgesic . Several studies have shown that the level of endogenous morphine is elevated by a variety of physical and psychological stresses (Brix-Christensen et al, 1997;Yoshida et al, 2000;Goumon et al, 2000;Lee and Spector, 1991;Molina et al, 1995), suggesting its role as a key component of a defense system against such types of stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of Highly Analgesic Morphine-6-Glucuronide Following Physiologic Concentration of Morphine in Human Brain.

Yamada

Ishii

et al. 2003

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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- 3H-Morphine at physiologic concentration was metabolized in vitro to its 3-and 6-glucuronides by human brain homogenate. Recombinant UGT2B7, one of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms, is able to glucuronidate the 3-and 6-hydroxy groups of morphine at nanomolar concentrations. These results suggest that endogenous morphine is converted to its 6-glucuronide, a more highly analgesic substance than the parent compound, to suppress effectively pain symptoms in humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Highly Analgesic Morphine-6-Glucuronide Following Physiologic Concentration of Morphine in Human Brain.

Yamada

Ishii

et al. 2003

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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“…One study reported an increase by 5 levels of endogenous opiate production in rats during the first 24 hours of fasting and 2 during the first 48 hours (Molina et al, 1995).…”

Section: The Neurobiology Of Mood Improvement During Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting in mood disorders: neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature

Fond

Macgregor

Leboyer

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

122

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ABSTRACT. Clinicians have found that fasting was frequently accompanied by an increased level of vigilance and a mood improvement, a subjective feeling of wellbeing, and sometimes of euphoria. Therapeutic fasting, following an established protocol, is safe and well tolerated.We aim in this article to explore the biological mechanisms activated during fasting that could have an effect on brain function with particular focus on mood (we do not discuss here the mechanisms regulating eating behavior) and to provide a comprehensive review on the potential positive impact of therapeutic fasting on mood. We explored Medline ,Web of Science and PsycInfo according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis). The initial research paradigm was: [(fasting OR caloric restriction) AND (mental health OR depressive disorders OR mood OR anxiety)].Many neurobiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain fasting effects on mood, such as changes in neurotransmitters, quality of sleep, synthesis of neurotrophic factors.Many clinical observations relate an early (between day 2 and day 7) effect of fasting on depressive symptoms with an improvement in mood, alertness and a sense of tranquility reported by patients. The persistence of mood improvement over time remains to be determined.

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“…Also differential regulation of the endogenous synthetic pathways of morphine in response to fasting has been described. Brain morphine levels in rats were elevated 5-fold after 24 h and 2-fold after 48 h of fasting [71]. Moreover, brain levels of the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (AG) were found to be increased in fasting mice, while moderate dietary restriction had no influence [72].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Fasting Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting Therapy for Treating and Preventing Disease - Current State of Evidence

Michalsen

2013

Complement Med Res

112

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Periods of deliberate fasting with restriction of solid food intake are practiced worldwide, mostly based on traditional, cultural or religious reasons. There is large empirical and observational evidence that medically supervised modified fasting (fasting cure, 200-500 kcal nutritional intake per day) with periods of 7-21 days is efficacious in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, chronic pain syndromes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. The beneficial effects of fasting followed by vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis are confirmed by randomized controlled trials. Further beneficial effects of fasting are supported by observational data and abundant evidence from experimental research which found caloric restriction and intermittent fasting being associated with deceleration or prevention of most chronic degenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases. Intermittent fasting may also be useful as an accompanying treatment during chemotherapy of cancer. A further beneficial effect of fasting relates to improvements in sustainable lifestyle modification and adoption of a healthy diet, possibly mediated by fasting-induced mood enhancement. Various identified mechanisms of fasting point to its potential health-promoting effects, e.g., fasting-induced neuroendocrine activation and hormetic stress response, increased production of neurotrophic factors, reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, general decrease of signals associated with aging, and promotion of autophagy. Fasting therapy might contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and should be further evaluated in controlled clinical trials and observational studies.

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Modulation of Endogenous Opiate Production: Effect of Fasting

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Formation of Highly Analgesic Morphine-6-Glucuronide Following Physiologic Concentration of Morphine in Human Brain.

Formation of Highly Analgesic Morphine-6-Glucuronide Following Physiologic Concentration of Morphine in Human Brain.

Fasting in mood disorders: neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature

Fasting Therapy for Treating and Preventing Disease - Current State of Evidence

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