Modulation of alpha and beta crystallin expression in rat retinas with ocular hypertension-induced ganglion cell degeneration

Piri, Natik; Song, Min; Kwong, Jessica Y. Y.; Caprioli, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.095

Cited by 62 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In situ result indicated that both alpha (aA and aB) and beta (bA2, bA4, and bB2) crystallin genes expressed in the RGCs of Wistar rat [Piri et al, 2007], and aA, aB and bH-crystallin immunoreactives were shown to be distributed in GCL, INL, etc. [Xi et al, 2003a,b].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐regulation of crystallins is involved in the neuroprotective effect of wolfberry on survival of retinal ganglion cells in rat ocular hypertension model

Chiu

Zhou

Yeung

et al. 2010

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Wolfberry (fruit of Lycium barbarum Linn) has been known for balancing 'Yin' and 'Yang' in the body, nourishing the liver and kidney, improving visual acuity for more than 2,500 years in oriental countries. The active components in wolfberry include L. barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), zeaxanthine, betaine, cerebroside and trace amounts of zinc, iron, and copper. Each of them confers distinct beneficial effects and together they help to explain widespread use of wolfberry in the eastern world. Earlier study reported the neuroprotective effects of LBP on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in an experimental model of glaucoma and the underlying in vivo cellular mechanisms of LBP neuroprotection deserve further exploration. In this study, we adopted proteomics, functional genomics, to evaluate pharmacological effects of LBP on the neuronal survival pathways. Among the significantly changed proteins induced by LBP feeding on ocular hypertension (OH) retinas, only proteins in crystallin family were focused in this study. The proteomic results were further confirmed using the Western blotting of the retinas and immunohistochemical staining of the retinal sections. We demonstrated that neuroprotective effect of-wolfberry extract-LBP on the survival of RGCs may be mediated via direct up-regulation of neuronal survival signal betaB2-crystallin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐regulation of crystallins is involved in the neuroprotective effect of wolfberry on survival of retinal ganglion cells in rat ocular hypertension model

Chiu

Zhou

Yeung

et al. 2010

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…In addition, as small heat shock proteins, ␣ A and ␣ B crystallins can inhibit the activation of caspase 3 [7,8] , they may protect retinal neurons by preventing apoptosis. Exogenous lens proteins may promote neuron survival and growth by regulating cell signaling and expression of endogenous proteins, such as endogenous crystallins, since ␣ -and ␤ -crystallins are also expressed in the retina [21] . In summary, our results demonstrate that lens extract can promote retinal neurons to survive and grow neurites by direct neurotrophic effects or indirectly by activating macrophages in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Study of the Effects of Lens Extract on Rat Retinal Neuron Survival and Neurite Outgrowth

Wang

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

Ophthalmic Res

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Background: Optic nerve regeneration has previously been achieved by injuring the lens, which results in the release of lentogenic factors. However, these lentogenic factors are still unknown. Objectives: To investigate what were the lentogenic factors by examining the effects of lens extract and macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) on the survival and the neurite outgrowth of rat retinal neurons in vitro. Methods: Retinal neurons were cultured in 4 groups: (1) Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), (2) DMEMcontaining lens extract, (3) DMEM containing macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM-D), (4) DMEM and medium from macrophages grown with lens extract (MCM-L). Neurite outgrowth and neuron survival time were observed. The density of retinal neurons with neurites and the longest neurites of the cells were measured on days 1, 3 and 5. Results: Retinal neurons survive for 12–14 days in DMEM containing lens extract. However, the cells only survive for 6 days in DMEM and only 7 days in DMEM containing MCM-L or MCM-D. The present results indicate that lens extract may directly promote survival of rat retinal neurons and neurite outgrowth in vitro. The MCM also promoted cell survival and neurite outgrowth but its effects were weaker than that of the lens extract. We postulate that lens extract exerts its effect by direct neurotrophic effects and/or indirectly by activating macrophagesin vitro.

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“…Immunoblot analysis was carried out as described previously. 49,50 Briefly, 2-5 mg of protein was separated on a 12.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and transferred to the polyvinylidene membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). After blocking with 5% nonfat milk, the membranes were incubated with primary polyclonal antibodies against Txnip (Zymed Laboratories, San …”

Section: Immunoblot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox proteins thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 support retinal ganglion cell survival in experimental glaucoma

et al. 2008

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We investigated the neuroprotective effect of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) which play critical roles in the regulation of oxidative stress on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat glaucoma model. Expression of Trx1 and Trx2 and Trx-interacting protein (Txnip) was observed in the RGC layer (GCL), nerve fiber layer and inner nuclear layer. Txnip-, Trx1-and Trx2-expressing cells in the GCL were primarily colocalized with RGCs. The increased Txnip protein level was observed 2 and 5 weeks after glaucoma induction. Trx1 level decreased 2 weeks after glaucoma induction and more prominently after 5 weeks. No change in Trx2 levels was detected. The effects of Trx1 and Trx2 overexpression on RGC survival were evaluated 5 weeks after glaucoma induction. In nontransfected and EGFP-transfected (used as a negative control) retinas, RGC loss was approximately 27% compared with control. The loss of RGCs in Trx1-and Trx2-transfected retinas was approximately 15 and 17%, respectively. Thus, Trx1 and Trx2 preserved 45 and 37% of cells, respectively that were destined to die in glaucomatous retinas. The results of this study provide evidence for the involvement of oxidative stress in RGC degeneration in experimental glaucoma and point to potential strategies to reduce its impact.

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Modulation of alpha and beta crystallin expression in rat retinas with ocular hypertension-induced ganglion cell degeneration

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

Up‐regulation of crystallins is involved in the neuroprotective effect of wolfberry on survival of retinal ganglion cells in rat ocular hypertension model

Up‐regulation of crystallins is involved in the neuroprotective effect of wolfberry on survival of retinal ganglion cells in rat ocular hypertension model

In vitro Study of the Effects of Lens Extract on Rat Retinal Neuron Survival and Neurite Outgrowth

Redox proteins thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 support retinal ganglion cell survival in experimental glaucoma

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