Modulation concepts for high-rate display-camera data transmission

Kays, Rüdiger; Brauers, Christian; Klein, Johannes

doi:10.1109/icc.2017.7996371

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…OCC systems can generally be classified according to the number of elements at each end of the communication link. On the source side, the Screen-to-Camera (S2C) category, also called display-camera [11], [12] or simply screen-camera [13], predicts using hundreds or thousands of LEDs as transmitters [8]. This technology thus has tremendous application potential since the number of commercial LED screens has grown even faster than the number of smartphones, driven by the market growth of these devices, digital billboards, and modern display-based consumer electronics [14].…”

Section: Index Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tensor-Based Optical Camera Communication (OCC) System With Joint Data Detection and Video Restoration

Ximenes¹,

Larêdo²

2021

Preprint

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<div>The Optical Camera Communication (OCC) technology allows Visible Light Communications (VLC), one of the key technologies for the Sixth Generation (6G) of mobile communications, to be used with image sensors on the receiver side. For Screen-to-Camera (S2C) applications, in which Light Emitting Diode (LED) screens are used to send information symbols, increasing either (transmitted) image resolution or video frame rate may negatively impact the bit error performance and the visual quality of the OCC-encoded videos. This work proposes a completely new OCC/S2C transmission and reception system, in which it is possible to recover both the transmitted symbols and to restore the video quality at the same time. For this dual-task, a Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) decomposition is applied to model an OCC system for the ﬁrst time in the literature. Computational simulations corroborate the correct formulation of the proposed models, propositions and algorithms, in addition to demonstrating that increasing the number of frames of the OCC-encoded video can generate diversity gains. This work also includes discussion on the practical aspects of data rate, data volume, and computational complexity of the receiver, accordingly to the system’s parameters.</div>

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Section: Index Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, the acquisition of Y is indeed done by capturing KF video frames of resolution M by N pixels. Comparing (12) with the transpose of (3), and making the correspondence X (1) , A (1) , A (2) , A (3) ⇔ Y T , H, X, S , we can define a third-order PARAFAC model Y ∈ R M N ×F ×K as Y = H, X, S, JL .…”

Section: Proposed Tensor-based Occ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tensor-Based Optical Camera Communication (OCC) System With Joint Data Detection and Video Restoration

Ximenes¹,

Larêdo²

2021

Preprint

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“…From the perspective of visual quality, humans prefer to enjoy a normal full-screen viewing experience, while acquiring extra information from the screen to camera channel simultaneously. This kind of CSC is usually called covert CSC or hidden CSC, which is subject to a visual constraint for human eyes [32,58,59,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108]. Unlike the traditional VLC system providing proper illumination while transmitting data simultaneously, a covert CSC system focuses more on the transmission while providing the quality display rather than illumination.…”

Section: Visual Constraints and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sato et al [106] proposed a blue colour difference modulation scheme and verified its feasibility experimentally. In [107], the modulated signals were added to the R, G and B pixels of the video content and demodulated by a high-resolution camera. Recently, Wang et al [59] suggested a spatial visual modulation scheme and conducted the quality assessment among 21 people to test the impact of modulated images to human perception.…”

Section: Visual Constraints and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sato et al [106] proposed a blue colour difference modulation scheme and verified its feasibility experimentally. In [107], the modulated signals were added to the R, G and B pixels of the video content and demodulated by a high-resolution camera. Recently, Wang et al [59] work extended the traditional colour modulation to a colour vector space by exploring all possible feasible combinations of colour vector pairs to represent more information [63].…”

Section: Visual Constraints and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some practical constraints and solutions for optical camera communication

Liu

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Mobile wireless communication heavily relies on the radio frequency to convey message and data. However, its limited spectrum can hardly meet the demands for the future high data rate applications. Optical wireless communication, in particular visible light communication, opens up vast optical spectrum for communication, and meanwhile can retrofit the light sources as the communication transmitters in the existing working or living environments. In conjunction with the ubiquitous cameras in hand-held consumer electronics such as smartphones and pads, optical camera communication (OCC) further takes advantages of image sensors as the communication receivers and realizes low-cost communication systems. This article first provides an overview of OCC systems. It then addresses some practical constraints, ranging from sensor low frame rate and instability, rolling shutter readout, to visual qualities of displayed images and videos, and link blockage between the transmitter and receiver. Accordingly, it introduces existing and new solutions to deal with those constraints by data modulation, newly developed camera structures, post-processing of sensed signals and non-line of sight OCC as a new form. In particular, indirect paths by either the indoor surface reflection or the outdoor atmospheric scattering are explored for link connectivity under blockage. Finally, some future research directions are suggested. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Indoor Visible Light Communication Networks for Camera-Based Mobile Sensing

Tang

Tao

et al. 2019

Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks

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Modulation concepts for high-rate display-camera data transmission

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

A Tensor-Based Optical Camera Communication (OCC) System With Joint Data Detection and Video Restoration

A Tensor-Based Optical Camera Communication (OCC) System With Joint Data Detection and Video Restoration

Some practical constraints and solutions for optical camera communication

Indoor Visible Light Communication Networks for Camera-Based Mobile Sensing

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