Modulation by Protein and Individual Amino Acids

Hawrylewicz, E. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4076-1_14

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…The divergent outcomes result from differences in experimental conditions, dietary components and failure to appreciate and control for other factors that influence carcinogenesis [8,10]. The major differences are:…”

Section: Animal Studies: Role Of Protein Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hawrylewicz [10] reviewed studies that added methionine to the diet. When methionine was increased proportionally with increased amounts of casein in the diet, protein level either did not influence mammary tumour development or was inversely related.…”

Section: Animal Studies: Role Of Protein Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Howe et al [9] found no association between protein intake and the risk of breast cancer when they conducted a combined analysis of original data from 12 case-control studies. Visek and Clinton [8] and Hawrylewicz [10] reviewed early case-control and cohort studies on protein intake and cancer. They did not detect any evidence for an independent role of protein intake and the risk of colorectal and breast cancer.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that the amino acid composition of the diet and thus the protein source could be an important determinant of carcinogenesis. A limited number of studies investigated the role of individual amino acids in animal tumour development [10] and in humans with cancer where certain amino acids were restricted from their diet [28].…”

Section: Animal Studies: Role Of Protein Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carroll [15], Visek and Clinton [8] and Hawrylewicz [10] reviewed early animal experiments that investigated the effect of level of protein in the diet on cancer development. Overall, the studies, which mainly researched colon and breast cancer, produced variable results.…”

Section: Animal Studies: Role Of Protein Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Role for Milk Proteins and their Peptides in Cancer Prevention

Parodi¹

2007

CPD

163

117

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A role for the amount and type of dietary protein in the etiology of cancer has not been studied extensively. Nevertheless, there is no compelling evidence from epidemiological studies to indicate that protein, at levels usually consumed, is a risk factor for cancer. On the other hand, animal studies suggest that certain peptides and amino acids derived from dietary proteins may influence carcinogenesis. The predominant protein in milk, casein, its peptides, but not liberated amino acids, have antimutagenic properties. Animal models, usually for colon and mammary tumorigenesis, nearly always show that whey protein is superior to other dietary proteins for suppression of tumour development. This benefit is attributed to its high content of cystine/cysteine and gamma-glutamylcyst(e)ine dipeptides, which are efficient substrates for the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione is an ubiquitous cellular antioxidant that directly or through its associated enzymes destroys reactive oxygen species, detoxifies carcinogens, maintains proteins in a reduced state and ensures a competent immune system. Various experiments showed that tumour prevention by dietary whey protein was accompanied by increased glutathione levels in serum and tissues as well as enhanced splenic lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis and natural killer, T helper and cytotoxic T cell activity. Whey protein components, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin and serum albumin were studied infrequently, but results suggest they have anticancer potential. The minor component lactoferrin has received the most attention; it inhibits intestinal tumours and perhaps tumours at other sites. Lactoferrin acts by induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, modulation of carcinogen metabolising enzymes and perhaps acting as an iron scavenger. Supplementing cows with selenium increases the content of selenoproteins in milk, which on isolation inhibited colon tumorigenesis in rats.

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Section: Animal Studies: Role Of Protein Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Animal Studies: Role Of Protein Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%