Modulation by essential oil of vaccine response and production improvement in chicken challenged with velogenic Newcastle disease virus

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the impact of Eucalyptus and peppermint essential oils on immune modulation and production of broiler chicken challenged with a molecularly characterized velogenic NewCastle disease virus (vNDV). Methods and Results: The experimental design included five treatments with three replicate pens/treatment comprised of 12-day-old broilers chicks/replicate. The five treatments included a positive challenge control (non-NDV vaccinated/ nonessential oil treated/challenged) (NNEOC), a negative challenge control (NDV vaccinated/essential oil treated/unchallenged) (VEOU), a non-NDV vaccinated/ essential oil treated/challenged (NEOC), a NDV vaccinated/nonessential oil treated/challenged (VNEOC) and a NDV vaccinated/essential oil treated/ challenged (VEOC). The lowest mean survival rate (0Á0%) and lowest production performance were obtained by the positive challenge control, while the best mean survival (93Á3%) and average body weight (2649 g) were obtained by the negative challenge controls (P < 0Á05). Among the three others challenged treatments, the best mean survival (79Á2%), highest mean body weight at 42 days of age (2445 g), the lowest feed conversion ratio (1Á60) and the highest serum conversion immunopotentiation at 35 days of age determined by ELISA and hemagglutination titres were obtained by the VEOC birds compared with respective means obtained by birds of the NEOC and VNEOC treatments (P < 0Á05). Conclusions:The results supported the possibility of using the essential oils of Eucalyptus and Peppermint in broilers to immunopotentiate the response to vaccination against velogenic NDV, helping in significant improvement of survival and production. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides information about the potential use of essential oils of eucalyptus and peppermint that can be exploited as commercial immunopotentiators for the protection of NDVvaccinated broiler chickens against economic velogenic NDV.

Control of eight predominant Eimeria spp. involved in economic coccidiosis of broiler chicken by a chemically characterized essential oil

“…The safety of this essential oil administration protocol in chicken was concluded in a previous research, targeting the alleviation of a highly pathogenic velogenic Newcastle Disease injuries in broilers (Barbour et al . ,b).…”

“…The establishment of a chicken model for achieving Koch's postulate, using mixed infection by the eight species of Eimeria , was recently documented (Barbour et al . ,b).…”

Evaluation of a Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine and related ELISA for respective induction and assessment of acquired immunity to the vaccine and/or Echinacea purpurea in Awassi Ewes

“…More specifically, Salmonella bacterins, protecting against different challenging serovars to animals, are in continuous development around the world [11][12][13]. The immunopotentiation of vaccines by natural products is another new trend in research, targeting an improvement in seroconversion that enhances protection against specific diseases [14][15][16]. The Echinacea purpurea (EP) root powder is rich with caffeic acid derivatives (phenoliccompounds), alkamides, and polysaccharides.…”

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“…This is the main reason behind the regulations in most developed countries to eradicate the poultry that are infected by v-NDV [14], aiming at keeping their poultry sector free of this List a disease [15]. Unfortunately, and due to the absence of National Poultry Improvement Plans (NPIP) from most developing countries, and the unavailability of compensation to the farmers for eradications, due mostly to poor economy, most of the poultry managers in these countries still introduce vaccines and other biologic enhancers [5], hoping to protect against the endemic v-NDV outbreaks in their vicinities. The objective of this research is to report the protection against genotype VI by classical NDV Clone 30 and vectored vaccines on different broiler farms that exist in endemic areas of the Middle East region, and to evaluate the degree of protection and immunity against this genotype in broilers that are vaccinated by a developed autogenous killed vaccine and subjected to controlled challenge in isolation, and in broilers flocks exposed to field challenge on seven different farms, located in an endemic area of Genotype VI of v-NDV.…”

“…The endemicity of the v-NDV is still reported during the last 5 years from many parts of the world, resulting in devastating disease outbreaks in poultry, including breeders, commercial layers, and broilers [2][3][4][5]. Despite the inclusion of different classical and vectored commercial vaccines for the control of different forms of the NDV, the disease is still endemic in poultry of many countries, located in the five continents of our planet, except that of Antarctica [6].…”