Modulation and gap detection with filtered and broadband noise signals

Formby, C.; Muir, Kathryn; Uranga, Julen; Lynn, Christopher W.; Ahlers, A.

doi:10.1121/1.2024881

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…However, the similarity in the shapes of our average neural TMTFs with those determined behaviourally with twice the modulation-frequency resolution (Klump and Okanoya, 1991) suggests that the lower high frequency slopes of the TMTFs in the starling may be real. The high-frequency roll-off of the TMTF determined for the starling's auditory-nerve fibres is also very similar to the high-frequency roll-off in other behavioural studies in humans (Viemeister, 1979;Forrest and Green, 1987;Formby and Muir, 1988), chinchilla (Salvi et al, 1982) and the parakeet (Dooling and Searcy, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Typically, the temporal modulation transfer functions have a low-pass or band-pass characteristic, and the minimum integration time can be derived from the upper cut-off frequency of this function as a parameter that describes the auditory system's temporal resolution. In the auditory systems studied so far with both paradigms using psychoacoustic methods, the minimum integration time is about half the duration of the minimum-detectable gap (human: see Formby and Muir, 1988, for a review; chinchilla: see Henderson et al, 1984 andGiraudi et al, 1980; European starling: Maier, 1989, andOkanoya, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal modulation transfer functions in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris): II. Responses of auditory-nerve fibres

Gleich

Klump

1995

Hearing Research

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The temporal resolution of cochlear-nerve fibres in the European starling was determined with sinusoidaily amplitude-modulated noise stimuli similar to those previously used in a psychoacoustic study in this species (Klump and Okanoya, 1991). Temporal modulation transfer curves (TMTFs) were constructed for cochlear afferents allowing a direct comparison with the starling's behavioural performance. On average, the neuron's detection of modulation was less sensitive than that obtained in the behavioural experiments, although the most sensitive cells approached the values determined psychophysically. The shapes of the neural TMTFs generally resembled low-pass or band-pass filter functions, and the shapes of the averaged neural functions were very similar to those obtained in the behavioural study for two different types of stimuli (gated and continuous carrier). Minimum integration times calculated from the upper cut-off frequency of the neural TMTFs had a median of 0.97 ms with a range of 0.25 to 15.9 ms. The relations between the minimum integration times and the tuning characteristics of the cells (tuning curve bandwidth, Q10 dB-value, high-and low-frequency slopes of the tuning curves) are discussed. Finally, we compare the TMTF data recorded in the starling auditory nerve with data from neurophysiological and behavioural observations on temporal resolution using other experimental paradigms in this and other vertebrate species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal modulation transfer functions in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris): II. Responses of auditory-nerve fibres

Gleich

Klump

1995

Hearing Research

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“…In various studies, mean threshold values for gap detection with low-pass filtered noise and cutoff or center frequencies of 1000 Hz have varied from 6.9 to 12.5 msec (Fitzgibbons, 1983;Fitzgibbons & GordonSalant, 1987;Formby & Muir, 1988;Shailer & Moore, 1983). Shailer and Moore (1985) estimated the 70.7% thresholds for gap detection by using a center frequency of 1000 Hz and five bandwidth values ranging from .0625 to 1.0 as a proportion of the center frequency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A brief pause in a continuous tone, however, can be regarded as an empty interval with markers of very long duration. For studying thresholds for detection of a single gap in noise, subjects are presented with gaps embedded either in auditory signals lasting for 400-500 msec (see, e.g., Florentine & Buus, 1984;Formby & Muir, 1988) or in ongoing, continuous noise (e.g., Buunen & van Valkenburg, 1979;Fitzgibbons, 1983Fitzgibbons, , 1984.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temporal discrimination as a function of marker duration

Rammsayer¹,

Leutner

1996

Perception & Psychophysics

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In a series of three experiments, the effect of marker duration on temporal discrimination was evaluated with empty auditory intervals bounded by markers ranging from 3 to 300 msec or presented as a gap within a continuous tone. As a measure of performance, difference thresholds in relation to a base duration of 50 msec were computed. Performance on temporal discrimination was significantly better with markers ranging from 3 to 150msec than with markers ranging from 225 to 300 msec or under the gap condition. However, within each range of marker duration (3-150 msec; 225-300 msec or gap) performance did not differ significantly. A fourth experiment provided evidence that the effect of marker duration cannot be explained in terms of marker-induced masking. Agood approximation of the relationship between marker duration and temporal discrimination performance in the present experiments is a smooth step function, which can account for 99.3% of the variance of mean discrimination performance. Thus, the findings of the present study point to the conclusion that two different mechanisms are used in the processing of temporal information, depending on the duration of the auditory markers. The tradeoff point for the hypothetical shift from one timing mechanism to the other may be found at a marker duration of approximately 200 msec.Because the auditory system has the finest temporal resolution of all the senses, auditory stimuli have been used in many studies on the processing of temporal information. Two types of stimuli can be applied in timing experiments: the filled interval, and the empty interval. In filled auditory intervals, a tone or noise burst is presented continuously throughout the interval, whereas in empty intervals, only the onset and the offset of the interval are marked. In empty intervals, no auditory stimulus is presented during the interval itself, and differences in stimulus characteristics of empty intervals are therefore limited to features of the markers used. The purpose of the following series of experiments was to investigate the effects of marker duration on the timing of brief empty auditory intervals.With empty intervals, a conditio sine qua non for the perception of duration is that the onset and the offset markers be perceived as two distinct events: an interval has to appear to be between the two markers for the duration of the interval to be judged. In order to be perceived as two events, the markers must be separated by a minimal time interval, referred to as the auditory fusion

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“…Studies using normal-hearing listeners as subjects have shown that loss of high-frequency hearing sensitivity (via low-pass filtering or masking) alversely affects temporal acuity (Patterson et al, 1978;Florentine and Buus, 1984;Bacon and Viemeister, 1985;Formby and Muir, 1988). Listeners with high-frequency hearing losses show the deficits expected due to lack of high-frequency information (Florentine and Buus, 1984;Bacon and Viemeister, 1985); some show an additional deficity, indicating that temporal resolution oer se may be affected by the hearing loss (Florentine and Buus, 1984).…”

Section: B Audiograms Of Sonar Technicians Failing the Hearing Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing Levels of 416 Sonar Technicians

Marshall¹,

Carpenter²

1988

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Modulation and gap detection with filtered and broadband noise signals

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Temporal modulation transfer functions in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris): II. Responses of auditory-nerve fibres

Temporal modulation transfer functions in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris): II. Responses of auditory-nerve fibres

Temporal discrimination as a function of marker duration

Hearing Levels of 416 Sonar Technicians

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