Modulation Activity of Sida Cordifolia L. And Sida Rhombifolia L. In Staphylococcus Aureus Sa-1199 B

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for several infections in humans. The infections caused by this bacterial strain are difficult to treat due to resistance of MRSA to clinically used antibiotics. Over past two decades medicinal plant extracts and their phytoconstituents have been reported to possess modulation and efflux pump inhibitory (EPI) activity against MRSA strains. Sida cordifolia aerial parts, roots and Sida rhombifolia aerial parts have been reported to be used in Ayurveda for several ailments including bacterial/fungal infections. Based on this information and in continuation of our efforts to discover EPIs from Indian medicinal plants, we describe modulation activity of methanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of S. cordifolia and S. rhombifolia and alkaloid-rich fraction prepared from methanol extracts. Methanol extract of S. cordifolia and S. rhombifolia aerial parts showed 4-fold reduction each in MIC of norfloxacin at 125 µg/mL concentration whereas alkaloid-rich fraction of both the plants did not show any reduction in MIC of norfloxacin. Fractionation of bioactive MeOH extract of S. cordifolia aerial resulted in isolation and characterization of 8 compounds including 2 alkaloids, 5 flavonoids and 1 coumarin compound whereas LC-MS analysis of alkaloid-rich fraction of S. rhombifolia aerial parts revealed presence of alkaloids including cryptolepine and 11-methoxyquindoline. Although the methanol extracts of aerial parts of S. cordifolia and S. rhombifolia showed weak modulatory activity in NorA over expressed S. aureus 1199B strain, the present study helped to assess EPI activity potential of these plants.

UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap HR‐MS‐Based Metabolomics for Profiling the Sida rhombifolia Metabolites with Different Plant Organs and Cultivation Ages

“…Other conditions were as follows: the range of m/z used was 100–1500 Da, collision energy for fragmentation used was 18, 35, and 53 eV, capillary temperature was approximately 320 °C, sheath gas and auxiliary gas flow rates were 15 and 3 mL/min, respectively. The scan type used was full MS/dd MS 2 [21] …”

“…[13] A total of seven metabolites from the steroid group were identified in this study. These include 20-hydroxyecdysone ( 16), 20-hydroxyecdysone-3-OÀ β-D-glucopyranoside (17), 25acetoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone-3-OÀ β-D-glucopyranoside (18), polypodine B (19), stigmasterol (20), and ecdysone (21). An example of the fragmentation pattern of steroid group metabolites is 20 5).…”