Modulating the photophysical properties of high emission Europium complexes and their processability

Efficient down-shifting and up-conversion emission dual-mode in RE3+-doped NaTbF4-based nano-glass ceramics

“…Taking into account these energy transfer efficiencies, the PLQY ( ϕ ) can be calculated through the well-known equation ϕ = η ET ·ϕ f−f where ϕ f−f represents the Eu 3+ 4f−4f emission quantum yield, estimated by the following equation 44 where A MD being equal to 14.65 s −1 is the spontaneous emission probability of magnetic dipole ( 5 D 0 → 7 F 1 ) transition, n is the refractive index of the media (1.432 and 1.460 for nanocrystalline and glassy environments 45–47 ), τ obs are Eu 3+ decay lifetimes previously described and ( I tot / I MD ) is the ratio of the total integrated emission intensity from 5 D 0 → 7 F J levels to the integrated intensity of the 5 D 0 → 7 F 1 transition, obtained from emission spectra exciting at 351 nm with 16 ms of delay and exciting at 463 nm (partially shown in Fig. 5(c) and in left inset of Fig.…”