Modulating the Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease

Liu, Mingli; Zhong, Ping

doi:10.1007/s12088-022-01025-w

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Gut dysbiosis, which disrupts the balance of bacteria in the gut, is known to impact cognition, likely through the gut-brain axis [7][8][9]. Notably, gut dysbiosis has been observed in patients with AD [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Beyond the gut, the oral cavity hosts a diverse community of bacteria that interact with each other and with the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Wan,

Fan

2023

Microorganisms

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The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain is a central pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease. It is believed that amyloid responses may be a result of the host immune response to pathogens in both the central nervous system and peripheral systems. Oral microbial dysbiosis is a chronic condition affecting more than 50% of older adults. Recent studies have linked oral microbial dysbiosis to a higher brain Aβ load and the development of Alzheimer’s disease in humans. Moreover, the presence of an oral-derived and predominant microbiome has been identified in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this opinion article, we aim to provide a summary of studies on oral microbiomes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the central nervous system in Alzheimer’s disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Wan,

Fan

2023

Microorganisms

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“…Increased Proteobacteria levels are one of the markers of dysbiosis development [41], which is one of the concomitant signs of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD [32]. However, we have demonstrated that Betaproteobacteria levels are signi cantly lower in APP/PS1 mice compared with C57BL/6 mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Role of the Nrf2/ARE downregulation and mtDNA damage in the cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 mice

Gureev

Babenkova

Nesterova

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the key events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that mediates cognitive impairment. In this study, we examined the extent to which the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of APP/PS1 mouse strain is susceptible to damage accumulation and explored the potential relationship between mtDNA integrity and other physiological processes. The gut microbiome is known to largely determine the inflammatory status of the organism. However, although we found no significant differences in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiome at the phylum level between APP/PS1 and C57BL/6 mice strains, we found increased expression of the gene encoding the proinflammatory factor TNFα in the brain. This coincided with a decrease in expression of the transcription factor Nrf2, which is responsible for antioxidant protection of cells. We found decreased expression of genes responsible for glutathione and thioredoxin pathways of H2O2 utilization. In addition, we observed a decrease in the expression of some genes responsible for DNA repair. These processes appear to be the reason for the accumulation of oxidative damage in the mtDNA of the brain, and the damage accumulates predominantly in the cerebellum. Suppression of cerebellar output may facilitate freezing behavior, which we observed using the Barnes test. Freezing in APP/PS1 mice was a main reason for the increased average latency time to find the escape hole compared to C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction at the level of changes in transcriptome and mtDNA integrity in some brain compartments may facilitate cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice.

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“…Evidence supports that the GM plays a role in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, potentially acting preventively, mitigating the disease's symptoms, or being one of the causal factors [15,16]. It is composed of a diverse community of microorganisms, including viruses, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and bacteria, which are capable of influencing brain functions through afferent signaling pathways and the secretion of biologically active substances [8,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies showed that the aging process is associated with an imbalance among GM microorganisms, known as intestinal dysbiosis, which is a risk factor for AD through the activation of neuroinflammation and amyloid formation [16,18]. Furthermore, several lifestyle factors play a crucial role in affecting the GM, influencing its composition and balance throughout life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and the Complex Relationship with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review

Simão,

Vieira,

Tosatti

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, and chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with the aging process. Memory deficits, cognitive impairment, and motor dysfunction are characteristics of AD. It is estimated that, by 2050, 131.5 million people will have AD. There is evidence that the gastrointestinal microbiome and diet may contribute to the development of AD or act preventively. Communication between the brain and the intestine occurs through immune cells in the mucosa and endocrine cells, or via the vagus nerve. Aging promotes intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory pathogenic bacteria and a reduction in anti-inflammatory response-mediating bacteria, thus contributing to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage, ultimately leading to cognitive decline. Therefore, the microbiota–gut–brain axis has a significant impact on neurodegenerative disorders. Lipids may play a preventive or contributory role in the development of AD. High consumption of saturated and trans fats can increase cortisol release and lead to other chronic diseases associated with AD. Conversely, low levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike other studies, this review aims to describe, in an integrative way, the interaction between the gastrointestinal microbiome, lipids, and AD, providing valuable insights into how the relationship between these factors affects disease progression, contributing to prevention and treatment strategies.

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Modulating the Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Role of the Nrf2/ARE downregulation and mtDNA damage in the cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 mice

Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and the Complex Relationship with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review

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