Modulating the Effect of Yttrium Doping on the Structural and Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate

Abstract

In this paper, the influence of yttrium doping on the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of Ba1−1.5xYxTiO3 (x = 0–0.03) is investigated. The samples are synthesized using solid‐state route (SSR). The synthesized materials are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated the formation of crystalline materials exhibiting tetragonal phase. The samples with composition x = 0.005 and 0.01 are denser relative to other samples. The dielectric constant and loss tangent are measured in the temperature range −30 to 250 °C for different frequencies. The dielectric constant increases upto x = 0.005 (7555 at 1 kHz) and decreases thereafter. The shifts in the transition temperature (Tc) are corroborated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data reveals that yttrium occupied Ti‐site after a certain limit of dissolution at Ba‐site. Modified Curie‐Weiss law was employed to study the extent of diffusivity. The effects of Y doping on morphology are investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The maximum remanence value (2Pr) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) are 8.178 μC cm−2 and 116 pC/N respectively for x = 0.005 doping composition. A correlated behavior of optimum values is observed in density, dielectric constant, and piezoelectric coefficient which can be exploited for various applications.

Modification of structural, morphological, and dielectric properties of barium calcium titanate ceramics with yttrium addition

“…As a result, the grain boundaries would serve as electron transport conduction routes. The presence of loosely bound oxygen vacancies may move to the grain boundary and contribute to the space charge's polarization; internal stress is higher for BCY 1 T due to the second phase [ 51 , 52 ].

Fig.

…”