Modulating matrix‐multicellular response using polysucrose‐blended with poly‐L‐lactide or polydioxanone in electrospun scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration

Abstract

Polysucrose (PSuc) is hydrophilic, has excellent biocompatibility with cells as a density gradient and is resistant to enzymes. Its use in electrospun mats for tissue engineering applications has not been investigated due to its amorphous nature. For spinnability and robustness, polysucrose was blended with poly‐L‐lactide (PLLA) and polydioxanone (PDX) respectively and electrospun into nanofibrous mats. Interaction with cells was assessed using L929 mouse fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes separately and in co‐culture. Effect of parameters such as porosity, fiber diameter, surface wettability and mechanical properties of mats on cell‐scaffold interactions was studied. Depending on nature and composition of mats, fibroblasts showed dendritic, spindle or round cell morphologies along with the formation of lamellipodia, filopodia, fibrillar or fiber‐like projections of 100 nm and 200–300 nm in diameter respectively from the periphery or center of cells. Granular extracellular matrix was formed on both PLLA‐PSuc and PDX‐PSuc 50–50 seeded with keratinocytes. Growth of keratinocytes was enhanced in co‐culture with fibroblasts with the formation of a skin‐like layer. Both cells showed the ability to form multilayer structures. The mats maintained their physical integrity during the period of study. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3275–3291, 2018.

Correlating in vitro performance with physico-chemical characteristics of nanofibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering using supervised machine learning algorithms

“…In this study, we have used nanofibrous scaffolds generated through the electrospinning process. We have previously reported on the synthesis of these scaffolds which have been assessed for skin TE both in vitro and in vivo [12][13][14][15]17]. These scaffolds are engineered using blend solutions of various biopolymer combinations (table 2) and we have shown that the cell-scaffold response depended on the combination of materials as well as the physico-chemical properties of the scaffolds namely pore diameter, fibre diameter, water contact angle and Young's modulus (table 2).…”

“…The average fibre diameters of the electrospun mats were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) as reported previously [ 13 , 14 , 16 ]. Average pore diameters were determined by measuring the diameter of at least 50 different pores using ImageJ software.…”

“…PHB/KCG and PHBV/KCG fibres were produced as reported [12]. Electrospinning parameters for PSuc-based and cellulose-based fibres have been reported, respectively, by Chummun et al [13] and Ramphul et al [14]. The fabrication of PDX/KCG and PDX/FUC has been detailed in Goonoo et al [15].…”

From Land and Marine Resources to Advanced Nanobiomaterials: Real Potential for the Bioeconomy

“…The conversion of sucrose into sucrose polyether via polycondensation with epichlorhydrin has been known since the end of 1960s and is marketed under the trademark name Ficoll (polysucrose). The derivatization of polysucrose can lead to 3D hydrogels and polysucrose blending with biodegradable polymers to nanofibrous scaffolds for wound-healing applications that have proved to be as efficient in rat models as commercially available agents. − In the hydrogel form, polysucrose retains moisture at the wound site, favors cellular transport with interconnected pores, and allows incorporation of growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules, which are key to tissue regeneration. Blending of natural polysaccharides with synthetic polyesters and their electrospinning give rise to nanofibers which when assembled into mats lead to enhanced biological properties of the scaffolds through biomimetic cell–material interactions.…”

Structural Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of Resorbable Fiber-Based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

“…The technique can be applied to various materials, ranging from synthetic polymers such as PLA [103], PGA [104], PCL [105,106], PU [107,108], and their copolymers [109], to natural polymers such as collagen [110,111], elastin [112], gelatin [113] and chitosan [114]. Electrospun scaffolds have been applied in various tissue engineering applications, such as skin [115], bone [107,116], cartilage [113,117], tendon [118,119], ligament [118], nerve [105,120], blood vessel [121], cardiac tissue [122], and aortic valve [108].…”