Modulating functional connectivity with non-invasive brain stimulation for the investigation and alleviation of age-associated declines in response inhibition: A narrative review

Tan, Jane; Iyer, Kartik K.; Tang, Alexander D.; Jamil, Asif; Martins, Ralph N.; Sohrabi, Hamid R.; Nitsche, Michael A.; Hinder, Mark R.; Fujiyama, Hakuei

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.044

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 214 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…There are other techniques, such as measures of glucose utilization [257], beta-amyloid burden [258], synaptic density [259], optical imaging [260], PET markers of neuroinflammation [261,262], MR spectroscopic measures of the neurotransmitters [263,264] and even non-invasive brain stimulation [265,266] that may further help understand the basis of BOLD signals, but are beyond the scope of this review.…”

Section: (B) Neuronal Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating vascular and neuronal effects of age on fMRI BOLD signals

Tsvetanov

Henson

Rowe

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

114

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Accurate identification of brain function is necessary to understand the neurobiology of cognitive ageing, and thereby promote well-being across the lifespan. A common tool used to investigate neurocognitive ageing is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, although fMRI data are often interpreted in terms of neuronal activity, the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal measured by fMRI includes contributions of both vascular and neuronal factors, which change differentially with age. While some studies investigate vascular ageing factors, the results of these studies are not well known within the field of neurocognitive ageing and therefore vascular confounds in neurocognitive fMRI studies are common. Despite over 10 000 BOLD-fMRI papers on ageing, fewer than 20 have applied techniques to correct for vascular effects. However, neurovascular ageing is not only a confound in fMRI, but an important feature in its own right, to be assessed alongside measures of neuronal ageing. We review current approaches to dissociate neuronal and vascular components of BOLD-fMRI of regional activity and functional connectivity. We highlight emerging evidence that vascular mechanisms in the brain do not simply control blood flow to support the metabolic needs of neurons, but form complex neurovascular interactions that influence neuronal function in health and disease. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Key relationships between non-invasive functional neuroimaging and the underlying neuronal activity’.

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Section: (B) Neuronal Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating vascular and neuronal effects of age on fMRI BOLD signals

Tsvetanov

Henson

Rowe

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

114

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“…The pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), which is a node of the MD network [4,6], has been reported to be involved in the imitation inhibition task [15,16], as well as in the initiation of movement, alteration of movement plans, and response inhibition [17]. Moreover, numerous studies have shown that anodal stimulation of the pre-SMA enhances the performance of cognitive tasks, including response inhibition [18]. This tDCS study aimed to investigate individual differences in the involvement of the MD network in imitation inhibition according to autism spectrum traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of the pre-supplementary motor area on imitation inhibition according to autism spectrum traits

Matsuda¹,

Abe²

2022

Preprint

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Adequate inhibition of automatic imitative tendencies is crucial in our daily lives. There have been inconsistent reports regarding the neural mechanism of imitation inhibition. Previous studies have suggested that it involves the theory of mind and multiple-demand networks. However, individual differences in the neural mechanism of imitation inhibition have been rarely considered, which could have attributed to the inconsistent reports. Behavioral experiments have suggested variations in the mechanism underlying imitation inhibition according to autism spectrum traits. Therefore, this transcranial direct current stimulation study aimed to examine whether the involvement of stimulated brain regions in imitation inhibition differed according to autism spectrum traits, which could imply differences in the stimulation effects. This study enrolled 27 adults (21 men, mean age: 21.44 ± 1.23 years). We applied transcranial direct current stimulation to the pre-supplementary motor area, which is a node of the multiple-demand network, and analyzed the stimulation effects according to autism spectrum traits measured using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the pre- supplementary motor area did not alter imitation inhibition. However, on incongruent trials requiring imitation inhibition, a significant negative correlation between the Autism-Spectrum Quotient score and reaction time under the anodal condition was observed. This indicated that the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the pre- supplementary motor area on imitation inhibition differed according to autism spectrum traits. Our findings suggest that brain regions involved in imitation inhibition vary according to autism spectrum traits.

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“…Previous research shows neurophysiological, structural and functional changes occurring in the aging brain that lead to a decline in cognitive 17 and motor functions [18][19][20][21][22] ; for review, please refer to 23,24 . As such, motor skill acquisition is typically diminished in older adults 3,25,26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black-box testing in motor sequence learning

Maceira-Elvira

Timmermann²,

Popa³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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During learning of novel motor sequences, practice leads to the consolidation of hierarchical structures, namely motor chunks, facilitating the accurate execution of sequences at increasing speeds. Recent studies show that such hierarchical structures are largely represented upstream of the primary motor cortex in the motor network, suggesting their function to be more related to the encoding, storage, and retrieval of sequences rather than their sole execution. We isolated different components of motor skill acquisition related to the consolidation of spatiotemporal features and followed their evolution over training. We found that optimal motor skill acquisition relies on the storage of the spatial features of the sequence in memory, followed by the optimization of its execution and increased execution speeds (i.e., a shift in the speed-accuracy trade-off) early in training, supporting the model proposed by Hikosaka in 1999. Contrasting the dynamics of these components during ageing, we identified less-than-optimal mechanisms in older adults explaining the observed differences in performance. We applied noninvasive brain stimulation in an attempt to support the aging brain to compensate for these deficits. The present study found that anodal direct current stimulation applied over the motor cortex restored the mechanisms involved in the consolidation of spatial features, without directly affecting the speed of execution of the sequence. This led older adults to sharply improve their accuracy, resulting in an earlier yet gradual emergence of motor chunks. The results suggest the early storage of the sequence in memory, largely independent of motor practice, is crucial for an optimal motor acquisition and retrieval of this motor behavior. Nevertheless, the consolidation of optimal temporal patterns, detected as motor chunks at a behavioral level, is not a direct consequence of storing the sequence elements, but rather of motor practice.

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Modulating functional connectivity with non-invasive brain stimulation for the investigation and alleviation of age-associated declines in response inhibition: A narrative review

Abstract: with non-invasive brain stimulation for the investigation and alleviation of age-associated declines in response inhibition: A narrative review,

Cited by 24 publications

References 214 publications

Separating vascular and neuronal effects of age on fMRI BOLD signals

Separating vascular and neuronal effects of age on fMRI BOLD signals

Differences in the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of the pre-supplementary motor area on imitation inhibition according to autism spectrum traits

Black-box testing in motor sequence learning

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