Modulating electrolyte structure for ultralow temperature aqueous zinc batteries

Zhang, Qiu; Ma, Yeming; Lü, Yong; Li, Lin; Wan, Fang; Zhang, Kai; Chen, Jun

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18284-0

Cited by 543 publications

(603 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…This value is relatively similar to that for ZnSO 4 powder of ≈1092.4 cm −1 and therefore confirms the modified Zn 2+ solvation sheath. The weakened Zn 2+ solvation affects the transference number ( t

_{Zn^{2 +}}

) in the electrolyte of Anti‐M‐50 % [26] . As shown in Figure S5, t

_{Zn^{2 +}}

was computed to be 0.48, higher than that for aqueous ZnSO 4 electrolyte (0.34), [5, 7a] which suggests a faster migration speed of Zn 2+ in Anti‐M‐50 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Boosting Zinc Electrode Reversibility in Aqueous Electrolytes by Using Low‐Cost Antisolvents

et al. 2021

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Antisolvent addition has been widely studied in crystallization in the pharmaceutical industries by breaking the solvation balance of the original solution. Here we report a similar antisolvent strategy to boost Zn reversibility via regulation of the electrolyte on a molecular level. By adding for example methanol into ZnSO4 electrolyte, the free water and coordinated water in Zn2+ solvation sheath gradually interact with the antisolvent, which minimizes water activity and weakens Zn2+ solvation. Concomitantly, dendrite‐free Zn deposition occurs via change in the deposition orientation, as evidenced by in situ optical microscopy. Zn reversibility is significantly boosted in antisolvent electrolyte of 50 % methanol by volume (Anti‐M‐50 %) even under harsh environments of −20 °C and 60 °C. Additionally, the suppressed side reactions and dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping in Anti‐M‐50 % electrolyte significantly enhance performance of Zn/polyaniline coin and pouch cells. We demonstrate this low‐cost strategy can be readily generalized to other solvents, indicating its practical universality. Results will be of immediate interest and benefit to a range of researchers in electrochemistry and energy storage.

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_{Zn^{2 +}}

) in the electrolyte of Anti‐M‐50 % [26] . As shown in Figure S5, t

_{Zn^{2 +}}

was computed to be 0.48, higher than that for aqueous ZnSO 4 electrolyte (0.34), [5, 7a] which suggests a faster migration speed of Zn 2+ in Anti‐M‐50 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Boosting Zinc Electrode Reversibility in Aqueous Electrolytes by Using Low‐Cost Antisolvents

et al. 2021

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“…Chen et al. reported the breakage of hydrogen bonding networks in concentrated ZnCl 2 electrolytes (Figure 2d) [57] . As shown in Figure 2e, the freezing point can be decreased to −114 °C by modulating the concentration of electrolytes.…”

Section: Design Of Anti‐freezing Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Chen et al reported the breakage of hydrogen bonding networks in concentrated ZnCl 2 electrolytes ( Figure 2d). [57] As shown in Figure 2e, the freezing point can be decreased to À 114°C by modulating the concentration of electrolytes. The Zn-polyaniline (PANI) battery using this electrolyte can work at a wide temperature range from -90 to 60°C, better than the common electrolytes (Figure 2fÀ h).…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[93] Recently, Chen et al reported a PANI cathode for Zn batteries. [57] It was demonstrated that by combining with an anti-freezing electrolyte, the ZnÀ PANI battery can be stably cycled at À 70°C. Besides, a high capacity retention of 64.7 % was achieved even at À 50°C.…”

Section: Cathode Materials For Zinc-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…h) The comparison of different electrolytes at low temperatures. Reproduced from Ref [57]. with permission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc Metal Energy Storage Devices under Extreme Conditions of Low Temperatures

2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Zinc‐based energy storage devices have received extensive attention because of their low‐cost and high‐safety characteristics. Numerous breakthroughs have been made in this field in recent years. Some special applications, such as polar inspections, oil exploration, high‐altitude drones, aerospace, and cold regions, place higher requirements on the performance of zinc‐based energy storage devices under extreme conditions of low temperatures. However, aqueous electrolytes will freeze at sub‐zero temperatures, resulting in device failure. Besides, the sluggish kinetics of the electrodes at low temperatures limits their capacity retention and rate performance. During the past several years, considerable efforts have been devoted to circumventing these problems. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on zinc metal energy storage devices under extreme conditions of low temperatures. Three aspects including the design of anti‐freezing electrolytes, low‐temperature‐resistant cathode materials, and zinc anodes are discussed. Finally, a perspective on this field is summarized to guide future researches.

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High Power and Energy Density Aqueous Proton Battery Operated at −90 °C

Sun

Zheng

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Freezing electrolyte and sluggish ionic migration kinetics limited the low‐temperature performance of rechargeable batteries. Here, an aqueous proton battery is developed, which achieves both high power density and energy density at the ultralow temperature conditions. Electrolyte including 2 m HBF4 + 2 m Mn(BF4)2 is used for the ultralow freezing point of below −160 °C and high ionic conductivity of 0.21 mS cm−1 at −70 °C. Spectroscopic and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis demonstrate the introduction of BF4− anions efficiently break the hydrogen‐bond networks of original water molecules, resulting in ultralow freezing point. Based on H+ uptake/removal reaction in alloxazine (ALO) anode and MnO2/Mn2+ conversion in carbon felt cathode, the aqueous proton battery can operate regularly even at −90 °C and obtain a high specific discharge capacity of 85 mA h g−1. Benefiting from the rapid diffusion of proton and the pseudocapacitive character of ALO electrolyte, this battery shows a high specific energy density of 110 Wh kg−1 at a specific power density of 1650 W kg−1 at −60 °C. This work presents a new way of developing low‐temperature batteries.

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Modulating electrolyte structure for ultralow temperature aqueous zinc batteries

Cited by 543 publications

References 70 publications

Boosting Zinc Electrode Reversibility in Aqueous Electrolytes by Using Low‐Cost Antisolvents

Boosting Zinc Electrode Reversibility in Aqueous Electrolytes by Using Low‐Cost Antisolvents

Zinc Metal Energy Storage Devices under Extreme Conditions of Low Temperatures

High Power and Energy Density Aqueous Proton Battery Operated at −90 °C

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