Modulating chitosan-PLGA nanoparticle properties to design a co-delivery platform for glioblastoma therapy intended for nose-to-brain route

Thiolated-Polymer-Based Nanoparticles as an Avant-Garde Approach for Anticancer Therapies—Reviewing Thiomers from Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid

“…Another interesting nucleophilic reaction in which thiol groups participate is the Michael addition, commonly used to crosslink thiomers to improve the mechanical properties of, for example, 3D scaffolds and hydrogels [11,78,79]. It is also of interest in the anchoring of APIs to DDSs such as the monoclonal antibody Cetuximab [80].…”

“…This succinate ester methodology has also been applied to the functionalization of APIs such as the monoclonal antibody cetuximab (CTX). CTX was derivatized by reaction with N-succinimidyl-S-(acetyl) thioglycolate (SATA; Table 4), so that CTX would be anchored to poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-CTS NPs by means of a Michael reaction with the PEG extender [80]. Similarly, a methacrylamide-modified lysozyme containing a bioreducible linker was prepared by reaction with SATA.…”

“…Nanoparticles prepared with the highest molecular weight CTS showed the largest sizes [141]. This is the reason why low-weight CTS is usually chosen in the design of nanoparticulated DDSs; for example, NPs prepared for nose to brain codelivery of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and the monoclonal antibody cetuximab were obtained by ionic interaction between oligomeric CTS and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) [80].…”

Nanoengineered cell membrane-based nanoparticles for tumor and immunocompetent cells modulation

“…25 If surgery and radiotherapy are not recommended, patients should be administered with cytotoxic molecules (chemotherapeutics) through local and systemic administration, oral administration, or even alternative routes. [26][27] Conventional drugs used in chemotherapy regimens exhibit different mechanisms of action, and most can be categorized as i) alkylating agents for the inhibition of DNA transcription; 28 ii) antimetabolites used as an analog of cell compounds for inducing blockade of metabolic pathways in the S phase; 29 iii) microtubuletargeting agents used for the destruction or stabilization of the cytoskeleton in the G0/G1 and/or G2/M phases; 30 iv) topoisomerase inhibitors; 31 and v) anthracyclines. 32 Owing to a lack of specificity, chemotherapy includes the occurrence of common side effects observed during drug administration, which may change according to the period of exposure, the type of drug administered, and the concentration of the therapeutic agent in the body.…”

“…In the present era, the hallmarks of cancer, first reported by Weinberg and Hanahan, which are used to describe and identify remarkable characteristics of malignant tumor cells, provides evidence that the acquisition of knowledge based on such biological aspects has important implications for the realization of successful cancer therapies. [34][35] Among such new strategies, the recognition of tumor cell capacity in the immune system enables the design and development of novel strategies that can effectively guarantee the success of different immunotherapeutic strategies.…”