Modulating anion defect in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ for enhanced catalytic performance on peroxymonosulfate activation: Importance of hydrated electrons and metal-oxygen covalency
“…The availability of chemicals and materials and the envisaged scale of application are important points to consider. For example, new iron-based materials may not be constrained by shortage of resources but complex catalysts may have these limitations (Kim et al, 2018, Yang et al, 2022.…”
Section: Phase 1 -Feasibility Studymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experimental approaches often combine various tools such as the use of (multiple) probe compounds and scavengers, (see section 4), quantum chemical calculation, and the analysis of transformation products using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Good example studies include the characterization of the heterogenous catalytic persulfate process by Zhang et al (2022), and the peroxone process by Merényi et al (2010a). Potential risks related to the formation of unknown by-products may be addressed through bioanalytical tools (Völker et al, 2019) or nontarget screening methods for previously unknown and unregulated by-products (Lavonen et al, 2013).…”
Section: Scientific Approaches For Mechanistic Investigation and Exte...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…43 Quantum chemical calculation is an important tool to obtain a first estimate on conceivable reaction mechanisms and transformation products facilitating actual product identification using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) (Tentscher et al, 2019). Further insights on the potential of these in-silico tools for mechanistic evaluation of oxidative processes and example applications are provided in literature (Merényi et al, 2010a, 2010b, Tentscher et al, 2019, Zhang et al, 2022.…”
Section: Scientific Approaches For Mechanistic Investigation and Exte...mentioning
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment are a growing research field with a large variety of different concepts and materials being tested at laboratory scale. However, only few concepts have been translated into pilot- and full-scale operation recently. One major concern are the inconsistent experimental approaches applied across different studies that impede identification, comparison, and upscaling of the most promising concepts. The aim of this tutorial review is to streamline future studies on the development of new solutions and materials for advanced oxidation by providing guidance for comparable and scalable oxidation experiments. We discuss recent developments in catalytic, ozone-based, radiation-driven, and other mostly physical AOPs, and outline future perspectives and research needs. Suitable figures-of-merit for comparison and benchmarking of AOPs are reviewed. Since standardized experimental procedures are not available for the majority of AOPs, we propose basic rules and key parameters for lab-scale evaluation of new AOPs including selection of suitable probe compounds, model compounds, and scavengers for the measurement of (major) reactive species. A two-phased approach to assess new AOP concepts is proposed, consisting of (i) a feasibility-of-concept-study phase with validation of major radical species and comparison to suitable reference processes and materials, followed by (ii) a benchmarking phase conducted in the intended water matrix for the process, applying comparable and scalable parameters such as UV fluence or ozone consumption. Screening for transformation products should be based on chemical logic and combined with complementary tools (mass balance, chemical calculations) to advance mechanistic understanding of the process.
“…The availability of chemicals and materials and the envisaged scale of application are important points to consider. For example, new iron-based materials may not be constrained by shortage of resources but complex catalysts may have these limitations (Kim et al, 2018, Yang et al, 2022.…”
Section: Phase 1 -Feasibility Studymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experimental approaches often combine various tools such as the use of (multiple) probe compounds and scavengers, (see section 4), quantum chemical calculation, and the analysis of transformation products using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Good example studies include the characterization of the heterogenous catalytic persulfate process by Zhang et al (2022), and the peroxone process by Merényi et al (2010a). Potential risks related to the formation of unknown by-products may be addressed through bioanalytical tools (Völker et al, 2019) or nontarget screening methods for previously unknown and unregulated by-products (Lavonen et al, 2013).…”
Section: Scientific Approaches For Mechanistic Investigation and Exte...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…43 Quantum chemical calculation is an important tool to obtain a first estimate on conceivable reaction mechanisms and transformation products facilitating actual product identification using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) (Tentscher et al, 2019). Further insights on the potential of these in-silico tools for mechanistic evaluation of oxidative processes and example applications are provided in literature (Merényi et al, 2010a, 2010b, Tentscher et al, 2019, Zhang et al, 2022.…”
Section: Scientific Approaches For Mechanistic Investigation and Exte...mentioning
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment are a growing research field with a large variety of different concepts and materials being tested at laboratory scale. However, only few concepts have been translated into pilot- and full-scale operation recently. One major concern are the inconsistent experimental approaches applied across different studies that impede identification, comparison, and upscaling of the most promising concepts. The aim of this tutorial review is to streamline future studies on the development of new solutions and materials for advanced oxidation by providing guidance for comparable and scalable oxidation experiments. We discuss recent developments in catalytic, ozone-based, radiation-driven, and other mostly physical AOPs, and outline future perspectives and research needs. Suitable figures-of-merit for comparison and benchmarking of AOPs are reviewed. Since standardized experimental procedures are not available for the majority of AOPs, we propose basic rules and key parameters for lab-scale evaluation of new AOPs including selection of suitable probe compounds, model compounds, and scavengers for the measurement of (major) reactive species. A two-phased approach to assess new AOP concepts is proposed, consisting of (i) a feasibility-of-concept-study phase with validation of major radical species and comparison to suitable reference processes and materials, followed by (ii) a benchmarking phase conducted in the intended water matrix for the process, applying comparable and scalable parameters such as UV fluence or ozone consumption. Screening for transformation products should be based on chemical logic and combined with complementary tools (mass balance, chemical calculations) to advance mechanistic understanding of the process.
“…In our previous work, we reported the catalytic ability and mechanism of chlorine- or fluorine-doped La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3− δ in the PMS activation towards the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). 14 The valence states of B-site cations and the content of oxygen vacancies have been positively changed for the activation. Furthermore, cation doping in A- or B-sites is widely accepted to alter the catalytic performance by adjusting the valence states of cations and the concentration of oxygen defects.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…23 Similarly, we previously found that the B-site metal–oxygen covalency in La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 may be the critical factor in the PMS activation. 14 Miao et al established a ‘volcano-shaped’ correlation between the catalytic PMS activation and e g electron filling of Co in LaCo 1− x Mn x O 3+ δ . 24 It was also found that the high spin state of M–N moieties (M: Co, Fe, Mn, or Ni) in the transition metals on carbon matrices was beneficial for the electron transfer between PMS and catalysts, and positively related to the catalytic activity.…”
Perovskite-based catalysts for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) towards organic degradation have attracted significant attention. However, nonmetallic element-doped perovskites in the PMS-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) have rarely been reported....
Converting spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) cathode materials into environmental catalysts has drawn more and more attention. Herein, we fabricated a Co3O4‐based catalyst from spent LiCoO2 LIBs (Co3O4‐LIBs) and found that the role of Al and Cu from current collectors on its performance is nonnegligible. The density functional theory calculations confirmed that the doping of Al and/or Cu upshifts the d‐band center of Co. A Fenton‐like reaction based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation was adopted to evaluate its activity. Interestingly, Al doping strengthened chemisorption for PMS (from ‐2.615 eV to ‐2.623 eV) and shortened Co‐O bond length (from 2.540 Å to 2.344 Å) between them, whereas Cu doping reduced interfacial charge‐transfer resistance (from 28.347 kΩ to 6.689 kΩ) excepting for the enhancement of the above characteristics. As expected, the degradation activity toward bisphenol A of Co3O4‐LIBs (0.523 min‐1) was superior to that of Co3O4 prepared from commercial CoC2O4 (0.287 min‐1). Simultaneously, the reasons for improved activity were further verified by comparing activity with catalysts doped Al and/or Cu into Co3O4. This work reveals the role of elements from current collectors on the performance of functional materials from spent LIBs, which is beneficial to the sustainable utilization of spent LIBs.
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