Modulated nitric oxide delivery in three-dimensional biomaterials for vascular functionality

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) acts a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes of vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis and proliferation. This makes NO a promising candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular problems like hypertension and vascular stenosis. However, the high reactivity of NO poses an issue for effective NO delivery. To overcome this limitation, recent developments on three-dimensional (3D) materials have been explored with either physical or chemical incorporation of NO releasing donors, to provide spatiotemporal control over NO-signaling pathways in blood vessels. Here, we offer an overview on the current efforts, and propose future perspectives for precise regulation on NO delivery in advanced 3D materials toward proper vascular functionality.

Bridging Structural and Dynamical Models of a Confined Sodium Nitroprusside Complex

“…Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a water-soluble salt, which is used in clinical practice as an efficient way to release NO. , Indeed, being an arterial and venous vasodilator, SNP has numerous applications in surgery and in response to heart failures, thanks to its ability to lower blood pressure . However, SNP is also a source of CN – anions.…”

Enzyme-Activated Nitric Oxide-Releasing Composite Material for Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli

“…NO is a gaseous small molecule known to be an effective therapeutic, promoting wound healing, killing cancer cells, and killing bacteria. − Its antibacterial activity is potent, as bacteria do not develop resistance to exogenously applied NO even after 21 days of exposure . As NO is naturally a gaseous molecule, NO donors, including S -nitrosothiols (RSNOs), metal nitrosyls, organic nitrates and nitrites, nitrosamines, and diazeniumdiolates, are synthesized to deliver NO. − NO donors can be incorporated into polymers, which is useful for their application as medical device coatings . There is a multitude of examples of NO releasing polymers, such as organic, inorganic, hybrid organic–inorganic, and protein systems, − used for many applications, including cancer treatment, would healing, and bacterial infection prevention. , Many types of NO donors incorporated into polymeric matrices have been used for varied applications, most commonly RSNOs − and diazeniumdiolates. − …”