Modulated nanowire scaffold for highly efficient differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Background Nanotopographical cues play a critical role as drivers of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Nanowire scaffolds, in this regard, provide unique and adaptable nanostructured surfaces with focal points for adhesion and with elastic properties determined by nanowire stiffness. Results We show that a scaffold of nanowires, which are remotely actuated by a magnetic field, mechanically stimulates mesenchymal stem cells. Osteopontin, a marker of osteogenesis onset, was expressed after cells were cultured for 1 week on top of the scaffold. Applying a magnetic field significantly boosted differentiation due to mechanical stimulation of the cells by the active deflection of the nanowire tips. The onset of differentiation was reduced to 2 days of culture based on the upregulation of several osteogenesis markers. Moreover, this was observed in the absence of any external differentiation factors. Conclusions The magneto-mechanically modulated nanosurface enhanced the osteogenic differentiation capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells, and it provides a customizable tool for stem cell research and tissue engineering. Graphical Abstract

Electrodeposited Magnetic Nanowires with Radial Modulation of Composition

“…In addition, this possibility of coating metallic nanowires with external layers may enlarge the potential applications of nanowires, for example, producing Au biocompatible coatings in electrodeposited nanowires for biomedical [ 22 , 34 , 35 ] or sensing [ 36 ] applications. Finally, providing that the nanowires are standing up on a flexible substrate with a total large active area, these core–shell structures may be designed to have applications in catalysis [ 37 ], neural applications [ 33 , 38 , 39 ] or flexible devices [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], among others.…”

Silicon nanowire array overcomes chemotherapeutic resistance by inducing the differentiation of breast cancer stem cells

“…Furthermore, SiNWAs and electrical stimulation have been reported synergistically to enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. 31,32 Together, these findings suggest that SiNWAs with controlled physical properties that mimic three-dimensional spatial structures and nanostructures may influence cellular behaviors such as adhesion, spreading, and differentiation, and thus they have the potential to modulate the differentiation of CSCs and may opening new therapeutic strategies. However, there are few reports on the proliferation and differentiation ability of CSCs cultured on SiNWAs.…”

“…Chung, et al 30 demonstrated that SiNWAs arrays enhanced the differentiation of neural stem cells and efficiently regulated neuronal behavior by conducting signals to cells. Furthermore, SiNWAs and electrical stimulation have been reported synergistically to enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts 31,32 . Together, these findings suggest that SiNWAs with controlled physical properties that mimic three‐dimensional spatial structures and nanostructures may influence cellular behaviors such as adhesion, spreading, and differentiation, and thus they have the potential to modulate the differentiation of CSCs and may opening new therapeutic strategies.…”

Acoustic quasi-periodic bioassembly based diverse stem cell arrangements for differentiation guidance

“…These stimuli include not only chemical and biological cues, but also physical factors such as spatial arrangement and geometric structures. [1][2][3] Understanding how biophysical cues affect cell fate facilitates the guidance of stem cell differentiation in the laboratory, which is instrumental in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 4 Accordingly, various efforts have been made and have demonstrated that the shape and size of individual cells play a significant role in the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).…”