Modulated Metasurface Antennas for Space: Synthesis, Analysis and Realizations

Minatti, G.; Faenzi, Marco; Martini, Enrica; Caminita, F.; Vita, P. De; González‐Ovejero, David; Sabbadini, M.; Maci, S.

doi:10.1109/tap.2014.2377718

Cited by 359 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The rest of this Section is organised as follows. In Section 3.1 8 we first investigate symmetrical patterns so as to steer both beams equally, and then in Section 3.2 we investigate asymmetrical patterns so as to deflect each beam by a different amount.…”

Section: Double Structure Ring Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

V‐band Bull's eye antenna for multiple discretely steerable beams

Vourch

Drysdale

2016

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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We present a new approach to designing V-band Bull's eye antenna so as to produce multiple beams, which are either fixed or discretely steerable. Bull's eye antennas comprise concentric rings around a subwavelength aperture. Beam deflection is accomplished by adjusting the effective spacing of the rings, which we explain in terms of the coupling angle to free space and surface waves. We show that multiple beams can be obtained from a single antenna, with the deflection of each beam being controlled independently by the relevant portion of the ring pattern. We demonstrate the principle through rigorous full-wave simulations of two-beam antennas with symmetrical and asymmetrical shifts, and give experimental results for a prototype milled in aluminium, with two separate fixed beams each deflected 16° to either side of the broadside. We also propose means to obtain up to six different beam arrangements during operation by mechanically rotating a plate containing a special six-sector ring pattern. Our simulated example gives three patterns, a single broadside beam or two beams each deflected by 8° or 15°. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is 97%, and the gain of a single undeflected beam is 18.1dBi.

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Section: Double Structure Ring Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

V‐band Bull's eye antenna for multiple discretely steerable beams

Vourch

Drysdale

2016

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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“…Since the elements are subwavelength in dimension, they can be used to approximate continuous hologram solutions, such as that considered early on by Oliner and Hessel [18]. The surface-wave metasurface antenna has proven to be an attractive platform for electrically large and conformal apertures [19], with many antenna variations now demonstrated [20][21][22][23][24][25]. The concept of slot arrays has also gained traction as a means of enabling beam synthesis for different applications [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

et al. 2017

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The metasurface concept has emerged as an advantageous reconfigurable antenna architecture for beam forming and wavefront shaping, with applications that include satellite and terrestrial communications, radar, imaging, and wireless power transfer. The metasurface antenna consists of an array of metamaterial elements distributed over an electrically large structure, each subwavelength in dimension and with subwavelength separation between elements. In the antenna configuration we consider here, the metasurface is excited by the fields from an attached waveguide. Each metamaterial element can be modeled as a polarizable dipole that couples the waveguide mode to radiation modes. Distinct from the phased array and electronically scanned antenna (ESA) architectures, a dynamic metasurface antenna does not require active phase shifters and amplifiers, but rather achieves reconfigurability by shifting the resonance frequency of each individual metamaterial element. Here we derive the basic properties of a one-dimensional waveguide-fed metasurface antenna in the approximation that the metamaterial elements do not perturb the waveguide mode and are non-interacting. We derive analytical approximations for the array factors of the 1D antenna, including the effective polarizabilities needed for amplitude-only, phase-only, and binary constraints. Using full-wave numerical simulations, we confirm the analysis, modeling waveguides with slots or complementary metamaterial elements patterned into one of the surfaces.

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“…Recently, tensorial metasurfaces were successfully used in antenna design that can radiate CP waves [1], [20] and isoflux shaped beam antennas for space applications [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the direction of the radiating aperture field (or the equivalent surface current) is dictated by the source [19]. This latter aspect limits the number of possible aperture field distributions that can be implemented.Recently, tensorial metasurfaces were successfully used in antenna design that can radiate CP waves [1], [20] and isoflux shaped beam antennas for space applications [20], [21].The additional degrees of freedom offered by tensorial metasurfaces could be used to overcome the limits of scalar solution by generalizing the procedure presented in [19].Our objective is to propose a systematic procedure for the design of metasurface antennas capable of implementing a general aperture field distribution (amplitude, phase and direction). The principal novelty of this approach is the independent control of the generated aperture field components.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Radiating Aperture Field Distribution Using Tensorial Metasurfaces

Teniou

Roussel

Capet

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-This paper deals with the design of tensorial modulated metasurfaces able to implement a general radiating aperture field distribution. A new aperture synthesis approach is introduced, based on local holography and variable impedance modulation. In particular, it is shown that tensorial metasurfaces can be used to generate general radiating distribution (phase and amplitude). In addition, a step by step algorithm is presented. In order to validate the method, several solutions are presented at 20 GHz which implement aperture distributions able to radiate different beams with general polarization.Index Terms-Metasurface antenna, leaky-waves, periodic surface, surface-waves. I. INTRODUCTIONn recent years, metamaterials have become an appealing subject of research. They are synthetic materials that have exotic properties that cannot be found in nature: double negative materials, negative index materials, left-handed materials… Metasurfaces are the equivalent of metamaterials in the case of 2D structures. The properties of these surfaces are described in terms of tensorial or scalar surface impedances (analogous to the constitutive parameters for volumetric metamaterials). Metasurfaces [9], orbital angular momentum communication [10] or transformation optics [11]-[12].All these works are based on the propagation properties of waves over a sinusoidally modulated impedance [13]. By choosing an appropriate modulated surface impedance, it is possible to control the propagation of SW along a surface or to obtain the transition from SW to leaky wave (LW) modes in order to realize antennas [16], [17].Surfaces composed of sub-wavelength printed elements over grounded dielectric slabs were largely used in order to obtain modulated scalar impedances by locally changing the dimensions of the elements [1]- [15]. Symmetric elements are used to produce scalar impedances [1] [19]. However, the direction of the radiating aperture field (or the equivalent surface current) is dictated by the source [19]. This latter aspect limits the number of possible aperture field distributions that can be implemented.Recently, tensorial metasurfaces were successfully used in antenna design that can radiate CP waves [1], [20] and isoflux shaped beam antennas for space applications [20], [21].The additional degrees of freedom offered by tensorial metasurfaces could be used to overcome the limits of scalar solution by generalizing the procedure presented in [19].Our objective is to propose a systematic procedure for the design of metasurface antennas capable of implementing a general aperture field distribution (amplitude, phase and direction). The principal novelty of this approach is the independent control of the generated aperture field components. This important aspect (critical for general aperture implementation), is achieved by introducing independent modulations of the impedance tensorial components and a new exact holographic formulation. Moreover, average impedance variation along the propagation direction is introduced in ord...

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Modulated Metasurface Antennas for Space: Synthesis, Analysis and Realizations

Cited by 359 publications

References 15 publications

V‐band Bull's eye antenna for multiple discretely steerable beams

V‐band Bull's eye antenna for multiple discretely steerable beams

Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

Implementation of Radiating Aperture Field Distribution Using Tensorial Metasurfaces

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