Modulated cortical control of individual fingers in experienced musicians: an EEG study

Slobounov, Semyon; Chiang, Hsueh-Sheng; Johnston, Jamie A.; Ray, William J.

doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00298-5

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Similar relations between peak force and indices of finger interaction were also reported in a study of the effects of fatigue on finger interaction in young healthy subjects (Danion et al 2000). Musicians have been reported to show smaller enslaving as compared to control subjects (Slobounov et al 2002). All these studies compared subject subpopulations that had major differences in their abilities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The general population may be expected to show both similarities and differences in the way their central nervous system organizes finger interaction. These differences may be related to such gross characteristics as the amount of total maximal finger force a person can produce (Shinohara et al 2003) or to more subtle individual factors such as experience with particular tasks that require precise finger coordination (Slobounov et al 2002). An IFM for a hand contains 16 numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Matrix analyses of interaction among fingers in static force production tasks

Gao

et al. 2003

Biological Cybernetics

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The fingers on a hand show interactions in force production tasks. The interfinger connection matrices (IFMs) quantify these interactions (Li et al. 2002; Zatsiorsky et al. 2002b; Danion et al. 2003). The goal of the present study was to explore the differences in the IFMs of individual subjects and, in particular, to establish a procedure that may be used in the future for diagnostic purposes. Subjects ( n=20) pressed downward maximally with ten different combinations of the four fingers, index (I), middle (M), ring (R), and little (L): I, M, R, L, IM, MR, RL, IMR, MRL, and IMRL. Voluntary activation of a subset of the four fingers was accompanied by an involuntary force production by fingers that were not intentionally activated (enslaving). Interfinger connection matrices were computed for each subject by the artificial neural network. The similarities/dissimilarities (proximities) between the individual matrices were determined. This procedure was performed twice: (a) for nonnormalized IFMs whose elements represented the amount of force (in newtons) exerted by a finger i in response to a unit command to a finger j; and (b) for normalized IFMs, after dividing the elements of each IFM by the total force produced by the four fingers acting together (the elements of the matrix are in percents). The 20x20 matrix of the proximities was subjected to multidimensional scaling (MDS) to reduce the number of dimensions and identify the major ones. To interpret the meaning of the computed dimensions, they were regressed on a set of finger force parameters described in the text. For the nonnormalized IFMs an interpretable dimension was the strength of the subjects. For the normalized IFMs two dimensions were interpreted: (a) the location of the point of resultant force application along the mediolateral axis that is defined by the pattern of force sharing among the fingers and (b) the total contribution of the enslaved forces into the total finger force. We speculate that the similarity of typical everyday tasks across the population promotes the similarity of the IMFs reflecting optimal hand functioning over these tasks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix analyses of interaction among fingers in static force production tasks

Gao

et al. 2003

Biological Cybernetics

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“…The reason for the apparent overlap between finger representations is not entirely clear, since activation by a finger depends on such factors as the type of movement (e.g., flexion vs. extension), coordination between muscles (both agonists and antagonists), trajectory of movement, sequence of finger movements, and stabilization of joints other than the those moved (Georgopoulos et al 1999;Sanes and Donoghue 2000;Schieber 1999Schieber , 2001Schieber and Hibbard 1993;Volkmann et al 1998). Because fingers show varying degrees of codependence or "enslavement" (Slobounov et al 2002), these methods do not necessarily demonstrate whether the same area of cortex is directly involved in initiating movements of more than one finger. On the other hand, the area of cortex predominantly associated with each finger's movement can be better localized by contrasting between fingers (Dechent and Frahm 2003;Kleinschmidt et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Finger Representations in Sensorimotor Cortex of Musicians with Focal Dystonia: Precentral Cortex

Burman

Lie-Nemeth

Brandfonbrener

et al. 2008

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), finger representations were characterized in the precentral cortex of 11 normal musicians and 14 musicians with focal task-specific dystonia. Finger representations were identified from differential activation during repetitive movements of each finger relative to others. Despite group similarities in topography, abnormalities in representations of affected fingers were identified. For the finger showing chronic flexion (primary dystonic finger or PDF), the cortical "disparity" from its normal location and the distance to the adjacent finger were increased. By contrast, representational characteristics of the finger showing chronic extension (primary compensatory finger or PCF) did not differ significantly from the control group, but did differ from those of the PDF. Regardless of whether either finger's representation differed substantively from normal, the PCF consistently showed greater volume of activation than the PDF or other fingers. These findings reflect dysfunctional interactions between at least two fingers and their cortical representations.

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“…In particular, the assumption of stable enslaving allowed the introduction of the notion of finger modes Danion et al 2003), which has been used in many studies of multifinger synergies within the framework of the UCM hypothesis (starting from Latash et al 2001;reviewed in Latash et al 2007;. Changes in enslaving have been documented over years of specialized practice (Slobounov et al 2002), with healthy aging (Shinohara et al 2003, and with neurological disorder (Park et al 2012). Several recent studies have provided evidence for changes in enslaving occurring relatively quickly, over a single 1-h session involving finger fatigue or specialized practice (Singh et al 2010;Wu et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of multifinger action in different state spaces

Reschechtko

Zatsiorsky

Latash

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Reschechtko S, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Stability of multifinger action in different state spaces. J Neurophysiol 112: 3209-3218, 2014. First published September 24, 2014 doi:10.1152/jn.00395.2014.-We investigated stability of action by a multifinger system with three methods: analysis of intertrial variance, application of transient perturbations, and analysis of the system's motion in different state spaces. The "inverse piano" device was used to apply transient (lifting-andlowering) perturbations to individual fingers during single-and twofinger accurate force production tasks. In each trial, the perturbation was applied either to a finger explicitly involved in the task or one that was not. We hypothesized that, in one-finger tasks, task-specific stability would be observed in the redundant space of finger forces but not in the nonredundant space of finger modes (commands to explicitly involved fingers). In two-finger tasks, we expected that perturbations applied to a nontask finger would not contribute to task-specific stability in mode space. In contrast to our expectations, analyses in both force and mode spaces showed lower stability in directions that did not change total force output compared with directions that did cause changes in total force. In addition, the transient perturbations led to a significant increase in the enslaving index. We consider these results within a theoretical scheme of control with referent body configurations organized hierarchically, using multiple few-to-many mappings organized in a synergic way. The observed volatility of enslaving, greater equifinality of total force compared with elemental variables, and large magnitude of motor equivalent motion in both force and mode spaces provide support for the concept of task-specific stability of performance and the existence of multiple neural loops, which ensure this stability. redundancy; abundance; synergy; referent configuration; uncontrolled manifold hypothesis; equifinality; enslaving ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS of motor control is that of redundancy (Bernstein 1967): at any level of description of the system involved in movement production, the number of elements (and of their output variables, elemental variables) is higher than the number of constraints associated with typical motor tasks. Recently, the problem of motor redundancy has been revisited in the context of the principle of motor abundance (Gelfand and Latash 1998;Latash 2012). This approach posits a way for the central nervous system (CNS) to take advantage of all of the elemental variables at its disposal to ensure stability of movement, rather than requiring the CNS to achieve a single, optimal solution by eliminating redundant degrees of freedom. Thus the principle of abundance avoids requiring computational, and physiologically unfeasible, control schemes, which involve explicit instruction to all body structures involved in a given action.A theoretical scheme has been developed, which unites the principle of abundance with the idea of hierarchical...

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Modulated cortical control of individual fingers in experienced musicians: an EEG study

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Matrix analyses of interaction among fingers in static force production tasks

Matrix analyses of interaction among fingers in static force production tasks

Altered Finger Representations in Sensorimotor Cortex of Musicians with Focal Dystonia: Precentral Cortex

Stability of multifinger action in different state spaces

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