Modularity in Perception, its Relation to Cognition and Knowledge

Nakayama, Ken

doi:10.1002/9780470753477.ch23

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Normal perception seems to entail fundamental decision-making processes (Nakayama, 2001). Similar top-down mechanisms are also central to many recent theoretical models of hallucinations (e.g., Behrendt, 1998;Boecker et al, 2000;Grossberg, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Tsakanikos¹,

Reed²

2005

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

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Abstract:We examined whether positive schizotypy (i.e., reports of hallucinatory and delusional-like experiences) in nonclinical participants could predict false perceptual experiences during detection of fast-moving words beyond a possible response bias. The participants (N ϭ 160) were assigned to one of two conditions: they were asked either to make presence/absence judgments (loose criterion) or to read aloud every detected word (strict criterion). Regression analysis showed that high levels of positive schizotypy predicted false alarms in the loose condition and false perceptions of words in the strict condition. The obtained effects were independent of detection accuracy, task order, impulsivity, and social desirability. We discuss the results in the context of information processing biases linked to the positive symptomatology of schizophrenia. Clinical and theoretical implications are also considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Tsakanikos¹,

Reed²

2005

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

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“…This pattern of results also suggests that psychotic-like perceptual experiences are likely to be, at least to some extent, an exaggeration of processes modulating normal perception. Fundamental decision-making processes are thought to be central in normal perception (Nakayama, 2001), and several cognitive models of hallucinations have put forward hypotheses on how decision-making processes may interact with perception (e.g. Behrendt, 1998;Boecker et al, 2000;Grossberg, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing non-existent events: Effects of environmental conditions, schizotypal symptoms, and sub-clinical characteristics

Reed¹,

Wakefield²,

Harris³

et al. 2008

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…On average, each participant saw 1-2 words that never appeared in the trials, although high-schizotypy scorers were more inclined to see such words under medium level of perceptual load. Fundamental decision-making processes are thought to be involved in normal perception (Nakayama, 2001) and similar mechanisms on how decision-making may interact with perception are central to several cognitive models of hallucinations (e.g., Behrendt, 1998;Boecker et al, 2000;Grossberg, 2000). It has been suggested (Garety et al, 2001) that schizophrenic patients are inclined to accept the possibility (decision-making) that an internally generated event, such as a 'voice', is an externally generated stimulus (perception).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual biases and positive schizotypy: The role of perceptual load

Tsakanikos

2006

Personality and Individual Differences

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The study investigated the effects of perceptual load on the bias to report seeing non-existing events-a bias associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia and positive schizotypal symptoms. Undergraduate students completed psychometric measures of schizotypy and were asked to detect fast moving words among non-words under different levels of perceptual load. Perceptual load was manipulated through stimulus motion. Overall, the results showed that the higher the perceptual load, the stronger the bias to report seeing words in non-word trials. However, the observed bias was associated with positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences) only when visual detection was performed under conditions of medium perceptual load. No schizotypy measure was associated with accuracy. The results suggest that, although some amount of perceptual ambiguity seems to be necessary for schizotypal bias generation, an increase in the perceptual load can inhibit this process possibly by preventing perception of task-irrelevant internal events, such as loose word associations.

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Modularity in Perception, its Relation to Cognition and Knowledge

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Seeing non-existent events: Effects of environmental conditions, schizotypal symptoms, and sub-clinical characteristics

Perceptual biases and positive schizotypy: The role of perceptual load

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