Modular transit: Using autonomy and modularity to improve performance in public transportation

Urban Public Transportation Perspective in Meta-Analysis Study

“…Berbagai permasalahan harus dihadapi dalam menciptakan kota yang berkelanjutan diantaranya adalah upaya mengatasi kemacetan lalu lintas (Reyes et al, 2010) dan mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan lalu lintas (Kuvvetli & Firuzan, 2017). Selain itu, hambatan lain yang masih banyak terjadi dalam pemanfaatan transportasi umum adalah masih rendahnya kenyamanan, aksesibilitas dan fleksibilitas (Zhang et al, 2020), ketidaksesuaian tarif dan kesenjangan rute (Herabudin, 2019), transportasi umum yang kotor dan tidak aman (Hanny & Almassawa, 2021), transportasi umum yang kurang efisien (Tamaki et al, 2016), bahkan dimungkinkan adanya resiko penularan penyakit saat berada di transportasi umum (Tirachini & Cats, 2020). Terjadinya gangguan dan penundaan jadwal keberangkatan transportasi umum akibat penjadwalan secara ketat (Amberg et al, 2018).…”

“…Untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pengembangan sistem transportasi umum di perkotaan perlu solusi yang tepat diantaranya perlunya pengelolaan rute yang efektif melalui sistem transit modular (Zhang et al, 2020), pemilihan kriteria desain secara konsisten dalam meningkatkan konektivitas jaringan transit guna meningkatkan kenyamanan bagi pengguna transit (Owais et al, 2021), adanya layanan transportasi dan rute yang dianalisis menggunakan pemodelan traveling salesman problem (Puchongkawarin & Ransikarbum, 2020).…”

Dispatching Design for Customized Bus of Hybrid Vehicles Based on Reservation Data

“…Among the constraints, Equation (4) indicates that the vehicle entering the station should leave; Equation (5) indicates the number of passengers getting on at each station; Equation (6) indicates the number of passengers getting off at each station; Equation (7) indicates the range of the number of passengers getting on at each station; Equation (8) indicates the range of the number of passengers getting off at each station; Equation (9) indicates the passenger flow range at ground stations; Equation (10) indicates the range of passenger flow at elevated stations; Equation (11) indicates the limit of the number of vehicles of all types at each station; Equation (12) indicates the waiting time of passengers at stations; and Equation (13) indicates the waiting time range of each passenger at each station.…”

“…e number of vehicles allocated, total cost, and optimal applicability of the four options are compared, as listed in Table 9. It can be obtained from the table that the optimal applicability of the hybrid vehicle is the largest, its total cost is the lowest, and the number of vehicles allocated meets constraint (11). Neither 5-seater nor 11-seater types meet the requirements.…”

“…e aim is to reflect the impact of transfers on the way to users and operators under different last-mile service designs. Zhang et al [11] evaluated the advantages of modular vehicles in improving public transportation. Liu et al [12] used the deficit function to solve the minimum fleet size of modular vehicles in the public transportation system.…”