Modular Regulators of Water Level in Ditches of Subirrigation Systems

Abstract

Economical management of water resources involves water management on a national scale, including river basins and catchment areas, as well as on the scale of drainage systems. One of the devices for controlling the outflow of groundwater from a network of ditches is a flow regulator. In this work, three flow regulators were studied for their water damming capacity in the drainage network and the adjacent ground with the aim of determining their hydraulic characteristics and operating conditions. The adjustment consisted of changing the closing height in order to obtain the required damming level in a ditch. All three tested regulators were characterized by the presence of effective flow Qe, the value of which was determined for different damming levels. Water leaks occurred mainly in places where the damming elements were embedded in vertical guides and, to a lesser extent, at the horizontal joints of successively placed beams. The impact of the overflow shape and the development of the crest line on the obtained flow rate increase was different for the tested S, U, and Z models. The expansion coefficient of the overflow crest equaled kr = 1.0 for the rectilinear S regulator, kr = 1.58 for the labyrinth U regulator, and kr = 1.74 for the compound Z regulator. For the S4 variant, the modular total flow factor reached kQ = 1.19 for the elevation of the upper water above the overflow H = 14.9 cm. The U2 variant was characterized by a modular flow coefficient of kQ = 1.48 for H = 10.7 cm. For the Z1 variant with a cylindrical corner shape, the modular flow coefficient value was kQ = 1.60 for H = 8.2 cm in elevation. For the Z2 variant with an angular corner shape, kQ = 1.63 for H = 8.4 cm.

Moisture content of peat-moorsh soils with special attention to periods of drought

“…Eventually, these processes lead to shallowing or even complete disappearance of these soils. In the case of drained peat soils, in order to protect them from further degradation, it would be necessary to upgrade existing drainage systems in order to reduce water run-off and consequently increase the moisture content of the soils (Brandyk et al, 2021;Bajkowski et al, 2022;UNEP, 2022;Urbański et al, 2022).…”

The Impact of Beaver Dams on the Dynamic of Groundwater Levels at Łąki Soleckie

“…The primary countermeasure to address these phenomena involves blocking surface water drainage and raising the water table [12]. This is achieved through interventions utilizing existing gravitational systems of drainage-irrigation ditches and modified drainage systems equipped with impounding devices [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], complemented by modern computational techniques [32,33]. Accelerating climate changes exacerbate the deficit of atmospheric precipitation during the growing season and worsen soil-water-air relations [34,35].…”