Modular Printed Circuit Boards for Broadband Characterization of Nanoelectronic Quantum Devices

Abstract

We report on the development of a modular system of high-frequency printed circuit boards (PCBs) for electrical low-noise characterization of multigate quantum devices. The whole measurement setup comprises PCBs operating from room temperature to a few kelvins, and custom software to control the broadband electronics held at cryogenic and room temperature. The PCBs coupling scheme and the custom tailoring of the user panel make our platform particularly flexible. At the cryogenic stage, one board hosts the electronics for readout. It consists in a custom complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuit for the current sensing. It is composed by a multiplexer for a digital selection of the device under test among up to four samples, connected to a cryogenic transimpedance amplifier with two possible gains, the maximum bandwidth of 250 kHz and the minimum equivalent input noise of 10 fA/Hz. Such board is coupled to the PCB sample holder, where 14 low-frequency input lines bias the devices and control the gates. Four additional high-frequency input paths with a bandwidth of 1 GHz and an isolation lower than -40 dB at 3 GHz have been implemented to apply a few millivolt pulses with a minimum duration of 1 ns. The PCBs assemblage and the cryogenic electronics are electrically characterized at 4.2 K and later used to perform quantum transport spectroscopy and single-charge dynamics readout at a few microsecond scales in two silicon nanoscaled field-effect transistors

Compact gate-based read-out of multiplexed quantum devices with a cryogenic CMOS active inductor

“…Various solutions have been proposed and partly demonstrated to a first proof-of-concept level. These include low-temperature (de)multiplexers 10,11 , analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters 12,13 , lownoise amplifiers 14,15 , RF oscillators 16,17 , transimpedance amplifiers 18,19 , and digital processors 20,21 . In a DRAM-like strategy 22,23 , these cryogenic components can significantly reduce the number of electrical lines running through the host cryostat, thereby limiting the associated heat load and increasing interconnect reliability.…”

19.2 A 110mK 295µW 28nm FDSOI CMOS Quantum Integrated Circuit with a 2.8GHz Excitation and nA Current Sensing of an On-Chip Double Quantum Dot

“…Recent publications have already explored electrical performance with, e.g., MHz to GHz signal generation [2,3,4] and analog amplification [4,5] in sub-µm CMOS technologies around 4.2K. Although cryogenic ICs above 1K have been co-integrated with quantum devices [2,5], systems-on-chip including quantum devices and electronic circuits with operation below 1K remain unexplored and are a key element towards the development of silicon-based quantum processors.…”

“…OSC28 achieves an 8.1x better efficiency for an 18x higher frequency than [3]. TIA occupies a 110x smaller chip area than [5] for only 1µW allowing massive parallel sensing within the limited cryostat power budget. This paper has presented to the best of the authors' knowledge, the very first integration of quantum-dots together with digital and analog circuitry.…”

An FPGA-Based Hardware Platform for the Control of Spin-Based Quantum Systems

“…spectrometers [9], [10]. Recent progress of instrumentation and measurement techniques will be helpful to enhance the performance of quantum tasks [11], [12] and pave the way toward practical applications of quantum computation and quantum metrology.…”