Modular organization of the head retraction responses elicited by electrical painful stimulation of the facial skin in humans

Serrao, Mariano; Cortese, Francesca; Andersen, Ole Kæseler; Conte, Carmela; Spaich, Erika G.; Fragiotta, Gaia; Ranavolo, Alberto; Perrotta, Armando; Pierelli, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.029

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For instance, stimulation of foot arch induced a response of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to dorsiflex the ankle to move the foot away from the stimulus, whereas stimulation over the heel (Andersen et al., ) or dorsum of the foot (Sonnenborg, Andersen, Arendt‐Nielsen, & Treede, ) induced movement in the opposite direction (ankle plantar flexion) by activating the gastrocnemius muscle, which in this case was the appropriate motor strategy to withdraw from the noxious stimulus. Although most studies have investigated the lower limb, a similar organization of the upper limb NWR (Peterson, Riley, Krepkovich, Murray, & Perreault, ) and head retraction reflex (corollary of the NWR induced by facial noxious cutaneous stimulation (Serrao et al., )) has been described. Investigation of the NWR of the trunk is scant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex of the trunk is organized with unique muscle receptive fields and motor strategies

Massé‐Alarie

Salomoni

Hodges

2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Noxious stimuli induce a nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) to protect the tissue from injury. Although the NWR was once considered as a stereotyped response, previous studies report distinct responses depending on the stimulation site and context for limbs. We aimed to determine whether noxious stimuli over the trunk produced adaptable complex NWR. We hypothesized that organization of the NWR of the trunk muscle would vary with the site of noxious input and would differ between body and spine postures, which modify the potential for specific muscles to remove threat. Fourteen participants were tested in sitting and three lumbar spine postures in side lying (neutral, flexion and extension). Noxious electrical stimuli were applied over the sacrum, spinous process of L3 and T12, lateral side of the 8th rib and anterior midline. NWR latency and amplitude were recorded with surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes over different trunk muscles. Distinct patterns of muscle activation depended on the stimulation site and were consistent with motor strategies needed to withdraw from the noxious stimuli. The NWR pattern differed between body positions, with less modulation observed in sitting than side lying. Spine posture did not affect the NWR organisation. Our results suggest the circuits controlling trunk muscle NWR presents with adaptability as a function of stimulation site and body position by utilizing the great complexity of the trunk muscle system to produce an efficient protective response. This suggests that the central nervous system (CNS) uses multiple adaptable strategies that are unique depending on which context the noxious stimuli are applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex of the trunk is organized with unique muscle receptive fields and motor strategies

Massé‐Alarie

Salomoni

Hodges

2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…The resultant tension may lead to limited movement [13,14]. Additionally, by eliciting pain, TMDs may cause reflexive protection, which leads to neck movement restrictions intended to alleviate discomfort [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cervical Range of Motion in Subjects Affected by Temporomandibular Disorders: A Controlled Study

Nota,

Pittari,

Lannes

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study were to compare the cervical ROM data obtained from accelerometer exams between patients suffering from TMDs (study group) and healthy patients (control group). Material and Methods: A sample of 43 young adult subjects (23 control subjects and 20 TMD patients) were included in this study and analyzed with the accelerometer (Baiobit™, BTS, Garbagnate Milanese, Milan, Italy) to assess cervical ROM using a standardized protocol, including the following occlusal conditions: mandibular rest position, clenching, clenching with cotton rolls, maximal intercuspation, and mandibular position with cotton rolls. The cervical ROM was measured in degrees and expressed as the mean and standard deviation. Results: TMD patients showed a reduced cervical extension compared to control subjects in all the conditions, with statistically significant relevance. Regarding the other movements, the differences were not statistically or clinically significant. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be observed that temporomandibular disorders are associated with a decreased cervical extension range, while the remaining components of ROM do not seem to be significantly associated. The use of accelerometers in ROM analysis could be helpful in improving interdisciplinary communication between dentists and physiotherapists.

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“…The HRR is elicited by sharply tapping the region of the face. The response is best seen after stimulus to the midline, 7 and particularly to the nose or upper lip. 1 A positive response ranges from simple facial muscular contraction to dramatic withdrawals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Head Retraction Reflex in Niemann‐Pick Type C: A Novel Diagnostic Clue

Martin

Morales‐Briceño

Tchan

et al. 2020

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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BackgroundThe head retraction reflex (HRR) is characterized by the extension of the neck after percussion stimulation of the central facial region. It is either absent or habituates in normal individuals and can become exaggerated and persistent in certain pathological conditions, having been most commonly reported in hyperekplexia and stiff‐person syndrome disorders. It has not, however, been reported in Niemann‐Pick type C (NPC), a lipid storage disorder with a variety of neurologic and systemic manifestations. The diagnosis of NPC is often delayed because of the rarity of the condition and the subtlety of clinical signs.CasesWe present 3 consecutive cases of genetically confirmed NPC with a pathological HRR, which was not present in controls. Neurophysiological analysis showed findings suggestive of myoclonus of brainstem origin.ConclusionWe propose that the presence of a pathological HRR, an easily performed clinical test, may provide a clue to the diagnosis of NPC.

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Modular organization of the head retraction responses elicited by electrical painful stimulation of the facial skin in humans

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex of the trunk is organized with unique muscle receptive fields and motor strategies

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex of the trunk is organized with unique muscle receptive fields and motor strategies

Analysis of Cervical Range of Motion in Subjects Affected by Temporomandibular Disorders: A Controlled Study

The Head Retraction Reflex in Niemann‐Pick Type C: A Novel Diagnostic Clue

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