Modular and scalable load-wall sled buck for pure-lateral and oblique side impact tests

Yoganandan, Narayan; Humm, John; Pintar, Frank A.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.03.002

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Some of these studies have assisted in developing injury criteria for modern side impact dummies such as the ES-2re which is in the current US regulations (Kuppa et al, 2003). Nearside impact research with different angulations of the vector continue to be an area of study as recent field data has suggested increasing incidence and injuries from oblique crashes (Yoganandan et al, 2012, 2013a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

Yoganandan

Halloway

Pintar

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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STRUCTURED ABSTRACT Objective The study was conducted to determine the association between vehicle-, crash- and demographic-related factors and injuries to front seat far-side occupants in modern environments. Methods Field data were obtained from the United States (US) National Automotive Sampling System – Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database, for the years 2009–2012. Inclusion factors: adult restrained front outboard seated occupants, no ejection or rollovers, and vehicle model years less than 10 years old at the time of crash. Far-side crashes were determined by using collision deformation classification. Injuries were scored using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Injuries (MAIS2+, MAIS3+, M denotes maximum score) were examined based on demographics, change in velocity, vehicle type, direction of force, extent zone, collision partner and presence of another occupant in the front seat. Only weighted data were used in the analysis. Injuries to the head and face, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, upper extremity and lower extremity regions were studied. Odds ratios and upper and lower confidence intervals were estimated from multivariate analysis. Results Out of 519,195 far-side occupants, 17,715 were MAIS2+ and 4,387 were MAIS3+ level injured occupants. The mean age, stature, total body mass, and BMI were 40.7 years, 1.7 m, 77.2 kg, and 26.8 kg/m2, respectively. Of occupants with MAIS2+ injuries, 51% had head and 19% had thorax injuries. Of occupants with MAIS 3+ injuries, 50% had head and 69% had thorax injuries. The cumulative distribution of changes in velocities at the 50th percent level for the struck vehicle for all occupants and, MAIS2+ and MAIS3+ occupants were 19, 34 and 42 km/h, respectively. Furthermore, 73% of MAIS2+ injuries and 86% of MAIS3+ injuries occurred at a change in velocity of 24 km/h or greater. Odds of sustaining MAIS2+ and MAIS3+ injuries increased with unit increase in change in velocity, stature and age, with one exception. Odds of sustaining injuries were higher with the presence of an occupant in the front seat at the MAIS3+ level, although it was reversed at the lower level. The extent zone of 3+ increased the odds compared to the extent zones of 1 to 2 at both MAIS2+ and MAIS3+ injuries. Odds ratios and confidence interval are given. Conclusions Findings that head and thorax are more frequently injured body regions, prevalence of cranium injuries are similar at both injury severities; thoracic injuries are more prevalent at the MAIS3+ level; presence of another front seat occupant plays a role in MAIS3+ trauma; injuries continue to occur at change in velocities representative of side impact environments; mean demographic factors are close to mid-size automotive anthropometry, indicate the need to pursue this line of study. Because data were gathered from only four years, it would be important to include additional NASS-CDS database years, rescore injuries from previous years and/or analyze other international databases to reinforce these findings for advancing safety ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

Yoganandan

Halloway

Pintar

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…The sled test for side-impact collisions serves as a costeffective and time-efficient tool in the development of vehicle side restraint systems. Utilizing simulation methods allows for more rapid guidance in the design process, and the substructure method is a crucial means for optimizing the design of side-impact restraint systems [21]. Currently, there are two main approaches to simulating the substructure of a simplified vehicle model in sled tests: The key difference between these methods lies in the movement of the door and seat.…”

Section: Figure 1 Mdb50 Test Figure 2 Door Collides With Dummymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correction Method Based on the Simulation and Experiment of Side Sled Collision

Pang,

Wong,

Han

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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In the context of conducting a side-impact collision test without side airbag for a specific vehicle model, an analysis of the injury value curve of the crash test dummy, when bench-marked against results from whole-vehicle testing, sled test and sled simulation, reveals two issues with the sled results: a delay in contact time and an excessively high peak value. This paper aims to analyze the problems arising from the simplification of the whole-vehicle model to the side-impact sled model. For the first time, these issues are addressed by correcting the sensor waveforms of the whole-vehicle test vehicle. Subsequently, by adjusting the input curves of the sled simulation model based on benchmarking the injury values of the sideimpact sled dummy, a more accurate simulation of the dummy injury value curve is achieved compared to the experimental results. This approach represents an improvement in the substructure method for sled simulation, and its practicality and convenience have been validated through its application in a specific development vehicle project. The total score of the dummy injury in the experiment is 15.66, and the simulation is 15.76, the results are very close. The contact timing and peak value of chest, abdomen, and pelvis injury in the simulation are basically consistent with the experimental results. It offers a novel method for benchmarking dummy injuries, sled simulation, and sled testing in the context of side-impact collision condition, providing a new avenue for research and development in the automotive industry. INDEX TERMS Vehicle side impact test; side sled test; side sled simulation; sensor waveform; dummy injury curve;

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Upper Extremity Injury Biomechanics

et al. 2014

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Modular and scalable load-wall sled buck for pure-lateral and oblique side impact tests

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

A Correction Method Based on the Simulation and Experiment of Side Sled Collision

Upper Extremity Injury Biomechanics

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