Modifying Keyboard Layout to Reduce Finger-Travel Distance

Yoo

2021

IEEE Trans. Cybern.

Text-entry aims to provide an effective and efficient pathway for humans to deliver their messages to computers. With the advent of mobile computing, the recent focus of text-entry research has moved from physical keyboards to soft keyboards. Current soft keyboards, however, increase the typo rate due to lack of tactile feedback and degrade the usability of mobile devices due to their large portion on screens. To tackle these limitations, we propose a fully imaginary keyboard (I-Keyboard) with a deep neural decoder (DND). The invisibility of I-Keyboard maximizes the usability of mobile devices and DND empowered by a deep neural architecture allows users to start typing from any position on the touch screens at any angle. To the best of our knowledge, the eyes-free ten-finger typing scenario of I-Keyboard which does not necessitate both a calibration step and a predefined region for typing is first explored in this work. For the purpose of training DND, we collected the largest user data in the process of developing I-Keyboard. We verified the performance of the proposed I-Keyboard and DND by conducting a series of comprehensive simulations and experiments under various conditions. I-Keyboard showed 18.95% and 4.06% increases in typing speed (45.57 WPM) and accuracy (95.84%), respectively over the baseline.

Section: A Intelligent Text-entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

I-Keyboard: Fully Imaginary Keyboard on Touch Devices Empowered by Deep Neural Decoder

Yoo

2021

IEEE Trans. Cybern.

“…The study also investigated the effects of columns, rows, hands and periods on the digraph-tapping rate. Yang and Mali [11] studied the keyboard layout problem to reduce finger travel distance. They developed a metaheuristic simulated annealing algorithm to modify keyboard layouts.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a genetic algorithm to the keyboard layout problem

Onsorodi

Korhan

2020

PLoS ONE

The number of people who use computers for business and personal purposes increases as technology grows. The application of ergonomic practices on computer workstations reduces the musculoskeletal discomfort experienced and increases the overall satisfaction of the users. Keyboards are available in various systems, from computers to mobile devices, and have difference shapes and sizes. The keyboard size and shape is known to influence the user's upper extremities. Alternative keyboard designs help diminish the pain in the arms that occurs due to awkward arm postures. Most previous studies tried to optimize the keyboard layout based on ergonomic typing and the frequency of letters' co-occurrence. This research considers the frequency of the appearance of the most used 3,000 words in the English language. First, the frequency of each letter pair is calculated by the Text Analyzer. Then, a genetic algorithm is applied to design an ergonomically optimized keyboard to minimize the total distance of finger travel among the selected alphanumeric characters. The results showed that the distance travelled obtained by the proposed keyboard layout is less than that for the QWERTY keyboard in all different types of texts, in which an average of 6.04% improvement was achieved. Therefore, the proposed design can be used for keyboards to reduce time and fatigue.

“…Fonte Ű Rick (2010, p. 4) ração de teclas em ordem alfabética (RICK, 2010). Os problemas de travamento entre as teclas levaram à modiĄcação do layout de forma que as teclas de dígrafos (pares de letras consecutivas) frequentes fossem dispostas em lados opostos do teclado, evitando as colisões (YANG; MALI, 2016). O layout QWERTY tem sido desde então o padrão de utilização mundial, adotado em larga escala tanto em teclados mecânicos quanto virtuais, apesar de suas ineĄciências apontadas por diversos autores (YANG;MALI, 2016;WADDINGTON et al, 2017;BI;ZHAI, 2016).…”

Section: Qwertyunclassified

Desenvolvimento de um teclado virtual para comunicação por meio de gestos visuais

Silva¹

Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, por possibilitar a realização de excelentes trabalhos de pesquisa. Em especial à Cinara pela paciência e pronto auxílio.Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientíĄco e Tecnológico -CNPq pelo apoio Ąnanceiro que possibilitou a realização deste trabalho.A meu orientador Prof. Dr. Paschoarelli, pelo apoio, paciência e conĄança.Ao professor Eduardo Naves, pela conĄança e cessão de equipamento essencial para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa.A meus pais, Romes e Maria Angélica, pelo amor incondicional, apoio e incentivo que sempre ofereceram a nossa família. Obrigado pelo exemplo! A meus irmãos, Romes e Renato, com quem eu posso sempre contar.A minha avó Aranista, pelo imenso carinho e presença constante.A meus colegas e amigos, pelo apoio e conselhos que tornaram possível a realização deste trabalho.A meus amigos de longa data que me dão coragem para continuar sempre.A DEUS, por tornar possível todas as conquistas. ŞA ciência realmente só tem alcançado tornarmais intensa e forte uma certeza: -a velha certeza socrática da nossa irreparável ignorância. De cada vez sabemos mais -que não sabemos nada.Ť (Eça de Queirós) Palavras-chave: Teclado ocular. Teclado virtual. Comunicação alternativa e aumentativa. Esclerose lateral amiotróĄca. Interação humano-computador. Digitação ocular.