Modifying glass surfaces via internal diffusion

Inward cationic diffusion in glass

“…The results are described in detail elsewhere [10], but are briefly summarized as follows. By determining the iron redox state by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, it was concluded that the permeation (dissolution and diffusion) of the H 2 gas caused the Fe 3+ reduction.…”

Modifying glass fiber surface with grafting acrylamide by UV-grafting copolymerization for preparation of glass fiber reinforced PVDF composite membrane

“…These results indicate that heat-cleaning has a seriously negative effect on the strength of GF, due to internal cationic diffusion in the GF (Smedskjaer et al, 2010). Some metal oxides and hydroxyl groups exist on the GF surface, which implies that oxidation may be a reason for the decrease in the tensile strength of heat-cleaned GF.…”

“…Some metal oxides were formed such as CaO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , etc., and EDX analysis also confirmed the existence of metal oxides (as shown in Table 6). Smedskjaer (Smedskjaer et al, 2010) investigated glass compositions and found that the glasses contain Ca, Mg and Na etc., because the glass fibers were prepared from analytical reagent-grade SiO 2 , CaO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and Mg(OH) 2 powders. Hence, before modifying with silane coupling, the glass fiber fabric was immersed in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to remove any metal oxides.…”

CVD-Grown CNTs on Basalt Fiber Surfaces for Multifunctional Composite Interphases

“…In the field of polyvalent element-bearing silicate glasses, in particular the investigation of cation diffusion due to heat-treatments in different atmospheres, comprehensive work was done by Smedskjaer and co-workers [26][27][28][29]. The authors observed the formation of nano layers and reported that the morphology and elemental concentration profiles are strongly influenced by the atmosphere used [26].…”

“…The authors observed the formation of nano layers and reported that the morphology and elemental concentration profiles are strongly influenced by the atmosphere used [26]. Previous AFM studies indicated a nanostructured surface topography if basalt fibers are wetted only with water during the drawing process or de-sized by heat treatments in air [30,31].…”