Modifikasi Kitosan sebagai Komposit Biopolimer untuk Pemisahan Pb(II) dan Cd(II) secara Simultan pada Sistem Multikomponen

Abstract

Biopolymers are known to be abundant and have low toxicity. The use of biopolymers as adsorbent materials in line with the current needs for cheap, environmentally friendly, and high-efficiency adsorbents. The physicochemical properties of biopolymers based on polysaccharide like chitosan as adsorbents can still be explored. This article was written using a systemmatic review conducted by collecting scientific journals from the last ten years related to the use of chitosan for simultaneous analyte separation. According to the systemmatic review, nanoparticles, magnetic particles, inorganic natural materials, and other materials are used to strengthen the robustness and adsorption of chitosan. The chitosan composite used to separate Pb(II) and Cd(II) simultaneously in a multicomponent system showed that other ions in the binary, tertiary, and quaternary systems decreased the adsorption capacity. Adsorption in multicomponent systems is more antagonistic than non-interactional and synergistic. In a multicomponent system, the selectivity of modified chitosan for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions is determined by the material used for chitosan modification and metal ion properties such as radius and electronegativity. Due to the abundance of chitosan and the increasing amount of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals, modified chitosan for multi-metal adsorption has the potential to be developed in Indonesia.