Introduction: From b-to a-Anomery. -To obtain nuclease-resistant oligonucleotides that could be used as antisense for gene control, many modified oligonucleotides have been reported. Among them, in mid 80s oligodeoxynucleotides with an aanomeric configuration (a-ODNs) were synthesized, and their properties were evaluated (i.e., hybridization, nuclease resistance, and antisense activity). a-Anomeric nucleosides diverge from b-ones by an inversion of the configuration at C(1') anomeric position of the deoxyribofuranose ring. It was suggested on the basis of the Dreiding model study undertaken by Sequin as early as 1973 that a-ODNs could hybridize complementary b-DNA sequence but with a parallel orientation [1]. As shown in Fig. 1, b-thymidine 5'-monophosphate and a-thymidine 3'-monophosphate display the thymine base at the same place when the orientation is reversed. In this first publication, it was shown that TT dimers which exhibit one or two a-thymidines are resistant to phosphodiesterases.