“…Several authors explored the possibility of optimizing geotechnical structures by combining various optimization techniques with reliability theory (Dodigović et al, 2021;Gong et al, 2017Gong et al, , 2014Juang et al, 2012;Juang and Wang, 2013;Khoshnevisan et al, 2016Khoshnevisan et al, , 2014aKhoshnevisan et al, , 2014b. Numerous advantages of such an approach have been emphasized in the literature.…”