Modified Potentiometric Screen-Printed Electrodes Based on Imprinting Character for Sodium Deoxycholate Determination

Abstract

Potentiometric sensors have a great influence on the determination of most various compounds in their matrices. Therefore, efficient and new sensors were introduced to measure sodium Deoxycholate (NaDC) as a bile acid salt. These sensors are based on NaDC imprinted polymer (MIP) as sensory element. The MIP beads were synthesized using thermal polymerization pathway, in which acrylamide (AAm), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), NaDC, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were used as the functional monomer, cross-linker, template, and initiator, respectively. The proposed sensors were fabricated using a coated screen-printed platform and the sensing membrane was modified by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an ion-to-electron transducer. The sensors exhibited high sensitivity that reached 4.7 × 10−5 M of near-Nernestian slope (−60.1 ± 0.9 mV/decade, r2 = 0.999 (n= 5)). In addition, the sensors revealed high selectivity, long lifetime, high potential stability, and conductivity that ensure reproducible and accurate results over a long time. MIP characterization was performed using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regarding the interaction of NaDC with serum albumin (SA), albumin is determined in human serum samples as human serum albumin (HSA), which was collected from different volunteers of different ages and gender.

Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Molecular Imprinting Polymers as a Recognition Sensing System for Food Analysis: A Review

“…4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) [92], azobisdimethylvaleronitrile [93] and benzoylperoxide [94] are few suitable initiators for MIP synthesis.…”

Potentiometric Sensing

“…reported on the dimethylamine potentiometric detection using MIP synthesized from acrylamide and EGDMA in the presence of the initiator BPO . MIP and cation exchanger were incorporated into a plasticized PVC membrane providing a near-Nernstian (51.3 mV/decade) response slope in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10 –5 –10 –2 M. Kamel et al used acrylamide and EGDMA in the presence of BPO to synthesize a sodium deoxycholate-imprinted polymer . They used solid contact sensor configuration where a PVC-based ion-exchange membrane doped with MIP was deposited on top of the SWCNTs as a transducer layer.…”

“…125 MIP and cation exchanger were incorporated into a plasticized PVC membrane providing a near-Nernstian (51.3 mV/decade) response slope in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10 −5 −10 −2 M. Kamel et al used acrylamide and EGDMA in the presence of BPO to synthesize a sodium deoxycholate-imprinted polymer. 126 They used solid contact sensor configuration where a PVC-based ion-exchange membrane doped with MIP was deposited on top of the SWCNTs as a transducer layer. The fabricated sensor demonstrated a close to Nernstian response slope in the concentration range of 4.0 × 10 −5 −10 −2 M. The response was stable and reproducible within 5 days.…”

Molecular Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Small Drug Analysis: Progress to Practical Application

“…The special feature of this work was that a synergistic binding combination of pyrrole and pyrrole‐3‐carboxylic acid were used to create the MIP along with a fullerene to raise conducting surface area [173]. SPEs can also be used as solid contact potentiometric sensors, and in one example, a SWCNT connected PVC with an embedded MIP for the bile acid sodium deoxycholate was used; the electrode was a carbon SPE surface [174]. The SWCNT prevented the formation of a water layer between the MIP and the SPE and so helped stabilise performance.…”