Modified nanoporous magnetic cellulose–chitosan microspheres for efficient removal of Pb(II) and methylene blue from aqueous solution

Isolation and Characterization of Magnetic Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunch Cellulose Nanofiber Composite as a Bio-Sorbent for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) Removal

“…However, the low sorption efficiency of these adsorbents has limited their application in the adsorption of heavy metals [ 2 , 3 ]. An ideal adsorbent for removing heavy metals from industrial effluent contains a large surface area, high selectivity, mechanical stability, easy accessibility, biodegradable, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly [ 3 , 16 ].…”

“…Wang et al [ 19 ] fabricated superhydrophobic coating and sorbent using hydrophobic cellulose nanofiber suspension for oil-water separation. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) isolated from lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively utilized as an adsorbent, because of its biocompatibility, high porosity, high surface area, abundance availability, non-toxicity, reusability and biodegradability [ 16 , 20 , 21 ]. Besides, the presence of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups in the carbon chain makes the CNF a promising adsorbent for the elimination of heavy metals from industrial effluent [ 16 ].…”

“…Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) isolated from lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively utilized as an adsorbent, because of its biocompatibility, high porosity, high surface area, abundance availability, non-toxicity, reusability and biodegradability [ 16 , 20 , 21 ]. Besides, the presence of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups in the carbon chain makes the CNF a promising adsorbent for the elimination of heavy metals from industrial effluent [ 16 ]. Studies reported that poor chemical resistance and weak mechanical strength are the significant barriers to use CNF as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent [ 3 , 14 ].…”

“…Recently, magnetic bio-sorbents have received considerable attention to environmental scientists to eliminate heavy metals from industrial effluents [ 16 , 22 , 23 ]. The distinct advantages of the magnetic bio-sorbent include low cost, mechanical and thermal strength, non-toxic nature, and environmentally friendly [ 22 , 23 ].…”

“…As heavy metal contamination in the aquatic environment poses serious environmental pollution concerns, the development of bio-based materials (biosorbent) has gained attention for the greener elimination of heavy metals from industrial effluents [ 2 , 4 ]. The utilization of the lignocellulosic biomass as a bio-sorbent is attractive because of the abundance availability, low cost, biodegradable, and reusable [ 3 , 16 ]. Generally, the lignocellulosic biomass mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with high hydroxyl groups and other reactive functional groups on the surface [ 16 , 21 ].…”