Modified Nano-Montmorillonite and Monensin Modulate In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Nutrient Degradability, and Methanogenesis Differently

Abstract

Two types of modified nano-montmorillonite (MNM) were developed by ion-exchange reactions using two different surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB), to prepare MNMSDS and MNMCETAB, respectively. Both MNM types were on the nano-scale and had higher cation-exchange capacity values than NM clay. The MNMCETAB had the highest zeta potential (−27 mV) compared with the other clays. Effects of MNM types on in vitro ruminal batch culture fermentation, nutrient degradability, and methane (CH4) emission compared with monensin were evaluated in vitro using a semi-automatic gas production system. The experimental treatments were the control (0 supplementations), monensin (40 mg/kg DM), and NM (5 g NM/kg DM), and two levels of MNMSDS and MNMCETAB were supplemented at 0.05 (low) and 0.5 (high) g/kg DM to the control basal feed substrate. Among the experimental treatments, the high dose of both MNM types reduced (p < 0.01) CH4 production and ammonia concentrations compared with the control, while only MNMCETAB treatment tended to increase (p = 0.08) the truly degraded organic matter compared with monensin. All MNM treatments increased (p < 0.01) acetate molar proportions compared with monensin. The high MNMCETAB increased (p < 0.01) the in vitro ruminal batch culture pH compared with the control and monensin. The MNMCETAB supplemented at 0.5 g/kg DM is the most efficient additive to reduce CH4 emission with the advantage of enhancing the in vitro nutrient degradability of the experimental feed substrate. These results indicated that MNM could modulate the in vitro ruminal fermentation pattern in a dose- and type-dependent manner.

Mitigation potential of individual and combined dietary supplementation of local Bentonite Clay and Distillery Sludge against Ochratoxin-A induced toxicity in broilers

“…The BN clay is a phyllosilicate substance (a subtype of aluminosilicates) and contains a high level of montmorillonite. The BN reservoirs are available worldwide and are easily available at cheaper rates [ 17 ]. The binding potential of BN clay to various mycotoxins was previously studied and proved as a potent agent for adsorption of different mycotoxins including OTA [ 10 ].…”

Potential of montmorillonite modified by an organosulfur surfactant for reducing aflatoxin B1 toxicity and ruminal methanogenesis in vitro

“…The experimental MNM was prepared according to the method of Bujdáková et al [ 13 ], but with some modifications. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; Sigma Aldrich Co., Irvine, Scotland) was used as an anionic organosulfur surfactant to modify the UM clay [ 12 ]. Five g of UM clay was dispersed in 300 ml of distilled water for 24 h at room temperature using a magnetic stirrer and then the desired amount of the SDS (depending on CEC and molecular weight) was slowly added.…”

“…The nanoparticle’s shape of MNM was recorded by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; Jeol JSM-6360 LA, 3–1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan) after coating with gold to improve the imaging of the clay sample [ 18 ]. The functional groups of the experimental clays were determined by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) by an infrared spectrometer (Shimadzu-8400S, Osaka, Japan) as described by Soltan et al [ 12 ]. The FTIR analysis was performed on a detector of deuterated triglycine sulfate and a beam splitter of KBr.…”

“…Clays are generally recognized as safe for both human and animal consumption [ 11 , 12 ]. Recently, modified clays exhibited higher adsorption capacity and antimicrobial activity than their raw clays [ 13 ].…”

“…It is used widely to modify montmorillonite through intercalation by replacing its exchangeable cations (i.g., Ca 2+ ) to change its surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, thereby increasing its adsorption capacity [ 17 ]. In our previous work, montmorillonite modified by SDS in a nano form possessed high CEC and reduced CH 4 production by 38% when supplemented at 500 mg/ kg dry matter compared to the unsupplemented diet [ 12 ]. However, to what extent these modified clays are also operative in diets contaminated with AFB1, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been tested empirically.…”