Modified Mineral Trioxide Aggregate—A Versatile Dental Material: An Insight on Applications and Newer Advancements

Abstract

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been a material of revolution in the field of dentistry since its introduction in the 1990s. It is being extensively used for perforation repairs, apexification, root-end filling, obturation, tooth fracture repair, regenerative procedures, apexogenesis, pulpotomies, and as a pulp-capping material because of its desired features such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, hydrophilicity, sealing ability, and low solubility. Even though its application is wide, it has its own drawbacks that prevent it from reaching its full potential as a comprehensive replacement material, including a long setting time, discoloration, mud-like consistency, and poor handling characteristics. MTA is a material of research interest currently, and many ongoing studies are still in process. In this review, the newer advancements of this versatile material by modification of its physical, chemical, and biological properties, such as change in its setting time, addressing the discoloration issue, inclusion of antimicrobial property, improved strength, regenerative ability, and biocompatibility will be discussed. Hence, it is important to have knowledge of the traditional and newer advancements of MTA to fulfill the shortcomings associated with the material.

Anti‐inflammatory cerium‐containing nano‐scaled mesoporous bioactive glass for promoting regenerative capability of dental pulp cells

“…Bioceramic materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have also been reported as pulp‐capping material in clinical treatment (Bernabé et al., 2007; Giuliani et al., 2002; Rodrigues et al., 2017). However, the further application of these bioceramic materials in dental practice is challenging because of their high cost and possible tooth discoloration (Ioannidis et al., 2013; Pushpalatha et al., 2022). Consequently, developing novel anti‐inflammatory pulp‐capping agents with excellent dentine regenerative properties is of considerable clinical importance.…”

Synthesis and characterization of a dental cement based on bioactive glass/zinc oxide modified with organic resin as a novel pulp capping agent

“…Furthermore, MTA has many advantages such as antibacterial properties and ability to aid in the release of bioactive dentin matrix proteins [5,6]. However, some disadvantages such as high solubility [5,7], long setting time, and poor handling properties [8] are still ascribed to this cement. To overcome some drawbacks of bioceramics, especially to improve the handling characteristics and to decrease solubility, the polymers were added.…”

In Vivo Assessment of the Apatite-Forming Ability of New-Generation Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cements Using a Rat Subcutaneous Implantation Model

“…The first commercial product of endodontic HCSC, grey ProRoot MTA (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA), was launched in 1998. Subsequently, a tooth-colored variant, white ProRoot MTA (PR; Dentsply), was developed by reducing the iron oxide content of grey ProRoot MTA and was introduced to the market in 2002 [1]. A number of in vitro and in vivo investigations have shown that PR exhibits excellent biocompatibility, hard-tissue inductivity, and sealing capacity in the presence of moisture (such as blood and tissue fluids) [2][3][4].…”