Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with a Dual Synergetic Antibacterial Effect

Abstract

Application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as antifouling/antibacterial carriers is limited and specifically with a dual synergetic effect. In the present work, MSNs modified with quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) and loaded with the biocide Parmetol S15 were synthesized as functional fillers for antifouling/antibacterial coatings. From the family of the MSNs, MCM-48 was selected as a carrier because of its cubic pore structure, high surface area, and high specific pore volume. The QASs used for the surface modification of MCM-48 were dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride and dimethyltetradecyl[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride. The QAS-modified MCM-48 reveals strong covalent bonds between the QAS and the surface of the nanoparticles. The surface functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and ζ-potential measurements. Additional loading of the QAS-modified MCM-48 with a commercially available biocide (Parmetol S15) resulted in a synergetic dual antibacterial/antifouling effect. Either loaded or unloaded QAS-modified MSNs exhibited high antibacterial performance confirming their dual activity. The QAS-modified MCM-48 loaded with the biocide Parmetol S15 killed all exposed bacteria after 3 h of incubation and presented 100% reduction at the antibacterial tests against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the QAS-modified MCM-48 without Parmetol S15 presented 77-89% reduction against the exposed Gram-negative bacteria and 78-94% reduction against the exposed Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the modified MCM-48 was mixed with coating formulations, and its antifouling performance was assessed in a field test trial in northern Red Sea. All synthesized paints presented significant antifouling properties after 5 months of exposure in real seawater conditions, and the dual antifouling effect of the nanoparticles was confirmed.

Preparation and Study of the Antibacterial Applications and Oxidative Stress Induction of Copper Maleamate-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

“…Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and other mesoporous silica-based materials have usually been studied in antibacterial studies loaded with different antibiotics [27] or other biocides [28]. In addition, mesoporous silicas have also been used as supports for the incorporation of silver or copper nanoparticles [29] and have demonstrated interesting antibacterial properties.…”

Constructing a Dual-Function Surface by Microcasting and Nanospraying for Efficient Drag Reduction and Potential Antifouling Capabilities

“…The FTIR spectra of modified silica nanospheres are shown in Figure 3f. The typical absorption peaks of SiO 2 materials were observed, such as Si–O–Si symmetric stretching (798 cm −1 ), Si–OH asymmetric vibration (950 cm −1 ), and Si–O asymmetric vibration (1108 cm −1 ) [27]. The peak at 2950 cm −1 was the C–H stretching, which further confirmed the grafting of APTES.…”

Porous versus Dense ‐ Effect of Silica Coating on Contrast Enhancement of Iron Carbide Nanoparticles in T2‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…According to Figure , there are two peaks at 2917 and 2850 cm −1 in the FTIR spectrum of Fe 5 C 2 NPs that are assigned to the asymmetric and stretching vibrations of methylene groups, respectively, which are caused by the long chain alkyl of octadecylamine molecules. After silica coating, the broad infrared absorption band over 3000–3600 cm −1 range, can be assigned to the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl units on the physically adsorbed residual water molecules and the peak at about 1630 cm −1 can be attributed to the deformation vibrations of H−O‐H . Besides, the strong peak at 1000–1100 cm −1 corresponds to Si‐O−Si stretching vibrations.…”