Modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer for determining the high-order topological charge of Laguerre–Gaussian vortex beams

Kumar, Praveen; Nishchal, Naveen K.

doi:10.1364/josaa.36.001447

Cited by 60 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Later, many diffractionbased methods were reported [80,81,263,[319][320][321][322][323]. Some interference-based methods for vortex detection include phase shifting [190,324], modified Mach-Zehnder [325,326], and Fizeau interferometer [327]. Another interference method, based on lateral shear interferometry, was reported [33,79] in 2008.…”

Section: Literature Survey Of Phase and Polarization Singularitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Ruchi

Senthilkumaran

Pal

2020

International Journal of Optics

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Polarization singularities are superpositions of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in orthogonal circular polarization basis. The intrinsic OAM of light beams arises due to the helical wavefronts of phase singularities. In phase singularities, circulating phase gradients and, in polarization singularities, circulating ϕ12 Stokes phase gradients are present. At the phase and polarization singularities, undefined quantities are the phase and ϕ12 Stokes phase, respectively. Conversion of circulating phase gradient into circulating Stokes phase gradient reveals the connection between phase (scalar) and polarization (vector) singularities. We demonstrate this by theoretically and experimentally generating polarization singularities using phase singularities. Furthermore, the relation between scalar fields and Stokes fields and the singularities in each of them is discussed. This paper is written as a tutorial-cum-review-type article keeping in mind the beginners and researchers in other areas, yet many of the concepts are given novel explanations by adopting different approaches from the available literature on this subject.

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Section: Literature Survey Of Phase and Polarization Singularitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Ruchi

Senthilkumaran

Pal

2020

International Journal of Optics

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“…Different methods have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, in the interferometric method, the TC can be specified by the interference of a reference beam (such as a plane or spherical beam) and a detected vortex beam, as usually carried out in Mach-Zehnder interferometers [32][33][34][35]. Since the same frequencies in the interferometry are required for the two beams, the self-reference interferometry is advantageous to realize this point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the detection of topological charge of optical vortices using self-reference interferometry

Wu¹,

Ling²,

Jing³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Self-reference interferometry of optical vortices using a Michelson interferometer is investigated in this paper. It is found that the detection of topological charge (TC) for the optical vortices is constrained by some physical conditions. We present these conditions through the theoretical analyses, numerical simulation and experimental results. For different parameters, the maximal detectable TCs are different, which is helpful for the measurement of TC in the practical application. Within the range allowed by the constrained conditions, we also study the detection of TC using the interference pattern of two-way optical vortex by changing the inclined angle of one mirror of the Michelson interferometer.

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“…Many methods are proposed to measure the TC of vortex beams, which can be basically divided into three techniques: interferometry, intensity analysis of OV beams, and diffractometry. Nevertheless, the first technique demands cumbersome interferometric setups and finely aligned optical elements [6][7][8][9][10][11] . The intensity analysis of the OV beam with complex algorithms [12] is not intuitive enough to determine the TC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

中国光学快报

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Measuring the topological charge (TC) of optical vortex beams by the edge-diffraction pattern of a single plate is proposed and demonstrated. The diffraction fringes can keep well discernible in a wide three-dimensional range in this method. The redundant fringes of the diffracted fork-shaped pattern in the near-field can determine the TC value, and the orientation of the fork tells the handedness of the vortex. The plate can be opaque or translucent, and the requirement of the translucent plate for TC measurement is analyzed. Measurement of TCs up to ±40 is experimentally demonstrated by subtracting the upper and lower fringe numbers with respect to the center of the light. The plate is easy to get, and this feasible measurement can bring great convenience and efficiency for researchers.

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Modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer for determining the high-order topological charge of Laguerre–Gaussian vortex beams

Cited by 60 publications

References 42 publications

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Phase Singularities to Polarization Singularities

Constraints on the detection of topological charge of optical vortices using self-reference interferometry

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