In this work, we have disclosed the
facile syntheses of morphologically
diverse Cu
2
O nanoparticles using our laboratory designed
modified hydrothermal reactor employing low-cost copper (II) acetate
precursor compounds. The reaction conditions dovetail the effect of
ethylene glycol (EG) and glucose to exclusively evolve the morphology
tuned Cu
2
O nanomaterial at different pHs. The morphology
tuning produces octahedron (Oh), dwarf hexapod (DHP), and elongated
hexapod (EHP) Cu
2
O structures only with the optimized reagent
concentrations. Interestingly, all of them were bestowed with a (111)
facet, a superlative facet for facile nitroarene reduction. Thus,
the morphology reliant catalytic reaction becomes evident. However,
when used individually, EG and glucose evolve ill-defined CuO/Cu
2
O and Cu
2
O structures, respectively. We have observed
that a change in pH of the medium at the onset of the reaction is
obligatory for the evolution of tailor-made morphologically diverse
Cu
2
O nanoparticles. However, preformed Cu
2
O
particles do not suffer further structure/morphology changes under
deliberate pH (6.0–9.0) change. With the as-obtained Oh, DHP,
and EHP Cu
2
O structures, we further delve into the realm
of catalysis to understand the splendor of the nanocatalyst, morphology
and surface area dependence, facet selective reactivity, and other
factors affecting the catalytic efficiency. The remarkable rate of
catalysis of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), evident from the catalyst activity
parameter (
k
a
= 123.6 g
–1
s
–1
), to produce 4-aminophenol in the presence
of a reducing agent like sodium borohydride (NaBH
4
) of
the as-prepared catalysts is evidence of the collaborative effects
of the effective surface area, surface positive charge, and active
(111) facet of the Cu
2
O nanocatalyst. We have also studied
the effect of other common anions, namely, Cl
–
,
NO
2
–
, NO
3
–
, CO
3
2–
, and SO
4
2–
on the reduction process. To obtain a general consensus about facets,
we compared (100) and (111) faceted Cu
2
O nanocatalysts
not only for 4-NP reduction but also for the reduction of toxic chromium
Cr(VI) in the presence of formic acid to further emphasize the importance
of facet selectivity in catalysis and the versatility of the morphology
tuned as-prepared Cu
2
O.