Modified Hodge test: A useful and the low-cost phenotypic method for detection of carbapenemase producers in Enterobacteriaceae members

Ramana, K V; Rao, Ratna; Sharada, CH V; Kareem, MA; Reddy, L Rajashekar; Mani, RK

doi:10.4103/0976-9668.117009

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…was 28.7%. 32 The prevalence of 10.5% (n=2/19) of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae was a relatively lower finding as compared to a study done in Iran. 9…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> among Ethiopian children

Legese¹,

Weldearegay²,

Asrat³

2017

IDR

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BackgroundInfections by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an emerging problem in children nowadays. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among children suspected of septicemia and urinary tract infections (UTIs).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2014. A total of 322 study participants suspected of septicemia and UTIs were recruited. All blood and urine samples were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. All positive cultures were characterized by colony morphology, Gram stain, and standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using disk diffusion. ESBL was detected using combination disk and double-disk synergy methods, and the results were compared. Carbapenemase was detected by modified Hodge method using meropenem. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsThe overall prevalence of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 78.57% (n=22/28) and 12.12%, respectively. Among the Enterobacteriaceae tested, Klebsiella pneumoniae (84.2%, n=16/19), Escherichia coli (100%, n=5/5), and Klebsiella oxytoca (100%, n=1/1) were positive for ESBL. Double-disk synergy method showed 90.9% sensitivity, 66.7% specificity, 95.2% positive predictive value, and 50% negative predictive value. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were K. pneumoniae (9.09%, n=3/33) and Morganella morganii (3.03%, n=1/33).ConclusionScreening Enterobacteriaceae for ESBL production is essential for better antibiotics selection and preventing its further emergence and spread. In resource-limited settings, double-disk synergy method can be implemented for screening and confirming ESBL production. Moreover, occurrence of CRE in countries where no carbapenems are sold is worrying microbiologists as well as clinicians. Hence, identifying factors that induce carbapenemase production in the absence of carbapenems prescription is essential for control of CRE dissemination within the community.

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“…was 28.7%. 32 The prevalence of 10.5% (n=2/19) of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae was a relatively lower finding as compared to a study done in Iran. 9…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> among Ethiopian children

Legese¹,

Weldearegay²,

Asrat³

2017

IDR

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“…A laboratory report consisting of the identity of the bacterium and its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern can then be issued to the physician. The organisms isolated may be predictable, but with the emergence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics, a specific sensitivity result is essential for guiding appropriate antimicrobial treatment [ 3 - 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Nocardia Infections: A Review of Pulmonary Nocardiosis

Kandi¹

2015

Cureus

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Human nocardiosis may present as an acute or a chronic infection. Although a saprophyte Nocardia spp are responsible for superficial skin infections, pulmonary infections, and disseminated nocardiosis usually involving patients who are immunosuppressed and debilitated. Infections in immunocompetent individuals are usually chronic and present non-specific symptoms. Invasive and disseminated nocardiosis is common among patients with weakened cellular immune systems. Clinical diagnosis of pulmonary nocardiosis is difficult owing to the similarity of its presentation with other respiratory pathogens that include Actinomycetes members and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Laboratory diagnosis of human nocardiosis is plagued by the fact that a culture of Nocardia spp requires prolonged incubation periods for isolation which most laboratories fail to follow. The lack of clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data on the incidence of nocardiosis in humans undermines its significance as a potential pathogen. This review attempts to reexamine the pathogenic potential of Nocardia in human infections

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“…Another recent study that has evaluated the efficacy of telavancin and vancomycin against gram positive bacterial isolates of cSSSI's has revealed that telavancin was indeed more effective (93%) than vancomycin (90%) against Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) positive MRSA isolates [23]. In the era of multi-drug resistance, there is an argument on the cautious use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the possibility of development of resistance [24]. A study that has reviewed a decade long data on the incidences of cSSSI's , the nature of therapy and the outcome of treatment has shown that the average cure rate among those who were not given antimicrobial therapy was 66% as compared to those who were administered systemic antibiotics that included sulfonamides (91%) and penicillin (98%) group drugs [25].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Therapy and Newer Therapeutic Approaches In Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (cSSSI’s): A Comprehensive Review

Ramana¹,

Pinnelli²,

Prakash³

et al. 2013

AJMBR

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Complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI's) are among the most common microbial infections occurring both in the community and the hospitals. Aetiology of cSSSI's is complex and includes various microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses). cSSSI's in general are poly microbial in nature including both anaerobic and aerobic bacterial species. Primary cSSSI's resulting from single bacterial species and secondary bacterial infections in patients suffering from skin conditions due to autoimmune conditions (eczema) or other microbial causes (viruses, fungi and parasites) have been reported in the literature. Occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, underlying co-morbidities contribute to the complications in the management of cSSSI's. Formulating effective guidelines for clinical, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and management of patients suffering from cSSSI's would certainly be beneficial in the reduction of morbidity and mortality.

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Modified Hodge test: A useful and the low-cost phenotypic method for detection of carbapenemase producers in Enterobacteriaceae members

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> among Ethiopian children

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> among Ethiopian children

Human Nocardia Infections: A Review of Pulmonary Nocardiosis

Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (cSSSI’s): A Comprehensive Review

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