Modified Health Effects of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation Combined with Other Agents Reported in the Biomedical Literature

Kostoff, Ronald N.; Lau, Clifford G. Y.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50289-2_4

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…One disease contributing factor showing a wide gap in Exposure Limits between single stressor studies and combination studies is radiofrequency radiation (RFR). Some RFR combined effects results are shown in [22], [23], and expanded upon in select cases in [21]. Adverse RFR health effects in isolation and in combination are shown in [24], [25].…”

Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of toxic stimuli combinations in determining safe exposure limits

2018

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This editorial addresses the effects of toxic stimuli combinations on determination of safe Exposure Limits. Examination of thousands of Medline abstracts showed typically that combinations of toxic stimuli can produce damage even when the exposure level of each member of the combination is less than the lowest exposure level of the member that produced damage when tested in isolation. The synergy of the toxic stimuli in combination means less of each component stimulus is required to cause damage compared to exposure levels when tested in isolation. This Editorial concludes there is no reason to believe today that the Exposure Limits on potentially toxic stimuli that have been set by the regulatory agencies are fully protective against serious adverse health effects in all real life exposure scenarios. The conclusion is applicable to essentially all potential contributing factors to disease amenable to Exposure Limits, including not only chemicals but other types of exposures such as radiofrequency radiation (RFR).

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Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of toxic stimuli combinations in determining safe exposure limits

2018

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“…Atmospheric pollutants from power plants, industries, transport, fuel combustion of military missiles and aircrafts, weapon of mass destruction such as chemical, nuclear and biological weapons (Petrakis et al, 2016), spacecrafts, electromagnetic fields (Kostoff and Lau, 2017) and irradiation from nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants and modern technology radiation (Kostoff, 2019;Kostoff et al, 2020) are environmental factors that seriously harm health of humans, and other forms of life (Malagoli et al, 2010). Historically, viruses may have been used in the past as biological weapons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, an opportunity to reevaluate the correlation between long-term effects of anthropogenic pollutants on viral epidemic/pandemic events and prevalence

Tsatsakis

Petrakis

Νikolouzakis

et al. 2020

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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117

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Occupational, residential, dietary and environmental exposures to mixtures of synthetic anthropogenic chemicals after World War II have a strong relationship with the increase of chronic diseases, health cost and environmental pollution. The link between environment and immunity is particularly intriguing as it is known that chemicals and drugs can cause immunotoxicity (e.g., allergies and autoimmune diseases). In this review, we emphasize the relationship between long-term exposure to xenobiotic mixtures and immune deficiency inherent to chronic diseases and epidemics/pandemics. We also address the immunotoxicologic risk of vulnerable groups, taking into account biochemical and biophysical properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its immunopathological implications. We particularly underline the common mechanisms by which xenobiotics and SARS-CoV-2 act at the cellular and molecular level. We discuss how long-term exposure to thousand chemicals in mixtures, mostly fossil fuel derivatives, exposure toparticle matters, metals, ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation, ionizing radiation and lifestyle contribute to immunodeficiency observed in the contemporary pandemic, such as COVID-19, and thus threaten global public health, human prosperity and achievements, and global economy. Finally, we propose metrics which are needed to address the diverse health effects of anthropogenic COVID-19 crisis at present and those required to prevent similar future pandemics.

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“…ionizing and (ii.) non-ionizing radiation [14]. The ionizing electromagnetic radiations are among the high-frequency classification such as Gamma rays and X-rays while the non-ionizing radiation (NIR) is the electromagnetic spectrum which has photon energies too weak to break atomic bonds [20].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Human Health: A Study on the Health Effect of EMR from GSM Base Stations in North-Western Nigeria

Kazaure¹,

Matthew²

2021

AJECE

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Nigeria had maintained substantial intensification in the perspective of the mobile communication utilization, services improvement and sustainable broadband regime and this development is presumed to persist into the conceivable future with the evolution of the contemporary 6G, 5G, 4G and 3G mobile communication technologies. The current mobile communication technologies intensification had equally brought the unavoidable multiplications in the ratio of the base service stations which also had raised the public concern over the considerable health hazards of the radioactive emissions from the communication systems. Notwithstanding the assurances of the several regulatory agencies, the World Health Organization and service providers, confirming compliance and strict observance to the international exposure standards in implementation, the apprehension over the electromagnetic spectrum emission is increasing. To that effect, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) had made recommendations that established the intensities of the radio frequency (RF) exposures which are considered harmless to the community of users. This paper assessed the radio frequency radiation from mobile base stations in some selected states in north western Nigeria. The methodology employed for the study is measurement and instrumentation method. Handheld spectrum analyzer (Aaronia HF 4040V3) and a wheel meter were used for the measurement of electromagnetic emissions from selected Airtel, Glo, MTN and Etisalat base stations at capital city of Kano, Jigawa and Katsina states respectively. It was found from the study that 17 to 70mW/m 2 is the average electromagnetic radiation emitted in the study area, which showed total compliance of exposure limit by the GSM service providers in the selected states. The result confirmed the environmental safety level of the RF energy maintained within the general public and that are predictably low to produce any significant health hazards to human.

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Modified Health Effects of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation Combined with Other Agents Reported in the Biomedical Literature

Cited by 12 publications

References 170 publications

The role of toxic stimuli combinations in determining safe exposure limits

The role of toxic stimuli combinations in determining safe exposure limits

COVID-19, an opportunity to reevaluate the correlation between long-term effects of anthropogenic pollutants on viral epidemic/pandemic events and prevalence

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Human Health: A Study on the Health Effect of EMR from GSM Base Stations in North-Western Nigeria

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