Modified Graphene Oxide Based Zinc Composite: an Efficient Catalyst for N‐formylation and Carbamate Formation Reactions Through CO₂ Fixation

Abstract

Catalytic fixation of CO2 through chemical reactions is always a challenging task of synthetic chemistry. This paper represents the design and synthesis of an eco‐friendly low cost zinc metal containing heterogeneous catalyst of aminically modified Graphene Oxide. Characterization of the catalyst has been carried out by Raman and FTIR spectra, AAS, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX and N2 adsorption desorption studies. It was found that the catalyst was very proficient for the CO2 fixation through N‐formylation and carbamate formation reactions of amines. Catalytic N‐formylation reaction of both aromatic and aliphatic amines gave high yield of corresponding formylated products in presence of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as reducing agent under 1 bar CO2 pressure and mild temperature. Formation of carbamates from aniline or its derivatives and alkyl/aryl bromide with good product selectivity was also achieved under same CO2 pressure in presence of our synthesized catalyst at room temperature with solvent‐free condition. The catalyst is reusable and efficient even after six cycles.

Graphene Oxide (GO) as Sustainable Heterogeneous Carbocatalyst for Synthesis of Organic Carbamates Using Urea and Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions

“…The lower angled peak is obtained due to (002) plane whereas higher angled peak is for (100) plane of carbon hexagonal structure in graphene oxide. [61] The d-spacing value (i. e. interlayer spacing) of GO is 0.89 nm. [62] Raman spectroscopy mainly figured out the molecular inelastic (Raman) scattering based information when a molecule is irradiated with a monochromatic light such as laser.…”

Recent advances in the catalytic applications of GO/rGO for green organic synthesis

“…Khatun et al [124] reported zinc metal containing aminically modified GO catalyzed CO 2 fixation through N-formylation and carbamate formation reactions of amines. It was found that N-formylation of both aromatic and aliphatic amines gave high yield of the corresponding formylated products in the presence of polymethylhydrosiloxane as reducing agent under 1 bar CO 2 pressure and mild temperature.…”

para-Aminobenzoic acid-capped hematite as an efficient nanocatalyst for solvent-free CO2 fixation under atmospheric pressure

“…as well as heterogeneous catalysts like nitrogen-based polymers, ionic liquids, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous-organic polymers (POPs), ion-exchange resins, metal oxides, supported metal catalysts, and more have been reported for the conversion of epoxides into cyclic carbonates utilizing CO 2 . [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In particular, heterogeneous, porous nanocatalysts are advantageous due to their easy separation, good recyclability and large surface area. 29 Furthermore, it could be more sustainable if catalysts can be designed using abundant and non-toxic material resources for cyclic carbonate formation under mild conditions.…”