Modified Densification Process for Increasing Strength Properties of Pine and Gmelina Wood from Community Forests

Abstract

Densification is a process for improving the strength properties of wood from the felling of young trees, which is a common harvest practice in community forests. A series of experiments was conducted to refine the process with particular regard to the determination of suitable pretreatment and treatment conditions. Samples of pine and gmelina measuring 23 cm (L) × 20 cm (W) × 2 cm (T) underwent pretreatment through immersion in a 1:1 CH 3 COOH-H 2 O 2 solution at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 30%. Samples pretreated with the 20% solution showed the greatest improvement in strength; further experiments were conducted to determine the optimum treatment conditions in terms of temperature and duration following immersion. Test samples with the same dimensions as those in the pretreatment experiment were soaked in a 1:1 20% CH 3 COOH-H 2 O 2 solution and warmed in a water bath. The test samples were then individually hot pressed to the target thickness, which was 30% less than the original thickness and held at 150°C or 170°C for 15 or 30 minutes. The treated samples were cut for an analysis of their density, recovery of set, and bending strength. Pine and gmelina exhibited the best characteristics after treatment at 150°C for 30 and 15 minutes, respectively. The results suggest that the modified densification process had increased the bending strength of the wood, but the temperature and duration of treatment must be carefully considered for different wood species.

Improvement of Dimensional Stability of Tropical Light-Wood Ceiba pentandra (L) by Combined Alkali Treatment and Densification

“…Esteves and Pereira (2009) noted that heat/steam treatment before or after densification decreases set-recovery as an implication of increasing wood dimensional stability. This reduction can also be accomplished by combining densification with chemical modification such as acetic anhydride (Laine et al, 2016), furfuryl alcohol (Westin et al, 2009), styrene (Devi et al, 2003), acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (Yunianti et al, 2019), boron (Augustina et al, 2020), and poly(vinyl)alcohol (Sun et al, 2016). However, several treatments have not been satisfactory for decreasing set-recovery due to not achieving fixation between chemical components during densification.…”