Modified calcination conditions of rare alkali metal Rb-containing muscovite (KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2)

Shan, Zhi-Qiang; Shu, Xinqian; Feng, Jiangshan; Zhou, Wenbo

doi:10.1007/s12598-013-0068-3

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Fig. 2에는 문헌에서 보고된 각 루비듐 공급 원 내 루비듐(Rb 2 O 상당함량)과 각 공급원 내 추출율을 나 타낸 것이다 7,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] . 물론 이는 전세계에 걸쳐 보고된 연구 자들의 자료로 더 정확한 정보는 다양한 현장조건 및 추 출단계에서의 추가적인 실증연구를 통해 밝혀져야 한다.…”

Section: 환경적 특성unclassified

Rubidium Market Trends, Recovery Technologies, and the Relevant Future Countermeasures

Lee¹

2023

Resour. Recycl.

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This study discussed production, demand, and future prospects of rubidium, which is an alkali group metal that is highly reactive to various media and requires carefulness in handling, but no significant environmental hazard of rubidium has been reported yet. Rubidium is used in various fields such as optoelectronic equipment, biomedical, and chemical industries. Because of difficulty in production as well as limited demand, the transaction price of rubidium is relatively high, but its detail information such as market status and potential growth is uncertain. However, if the mass production of versatile ultra-high-performance equipment such as quantum computers and the necessity of rubidium use in the equipment are confirmed, there is a possibility that the rubidium market will expand in the future. Rubidium is often found together with lithium, beryllium, and cesium, and may be present in granite containing minerals such as lepidolite and pollucite, as well as in seawater and industrial waste. Several technologies such as acid leaching, roasting, solvent extraction, and adsorption are used to recover rubidium. The maximum recovery efficiency of the rubidium from the sources and the processing above is generally

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Section: 환경적 특성unclassified

Rubidium Market Trends, Recovery Technologies, and the Relevant Future Countermeasures

Lee¹

2023

Resour. Recycl.

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“…Metal ekstraksiyonu için uygulanan yöntem; alkali tuzlar, kireç taşı, jips gibi maddelerle yüksek sıcaklıkta kavurma ve ardından su ya da asit ile liç işlemidir. Tablo 1'de muskovit [20], zinnwaldit [21], lepidolit [22], kaolin [23], altın madeni atığı [24] ve bor kilinden [10], [12], lityum ve/veya rubidyum ekstraksiyonunda en uygun şartlar gösterilmektedir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Chlorination roasting process for extraction of valuable metals in boron clays

Ertan¹

2020

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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Bor, Türkiye'nin en önemli yeraltı kaynaklarından biridir. Bor zenginleştirme prosesi sonucunda, büyük miktarda atık birikmekte ve bu durum çevre için bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bor atıklarının çimento, beton, tuğla, seramik gibi bazı sektörlerde katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı hakkında çok çalışma olmasına rağmen bu atıkların içeriğinde bulunan değerli metallerin kazanımıyla ilgili yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu metallerin atıklardan kazanımı sayesinde hem atık miktarı azalır hem de ülke ekonomisine katkı sağlanmış olur. Bor atıkları, özellikle kil içerikli atıkların önemli miktarda lityum, rubidyum, sezyum içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Lityum sahip olduğu eşsiz elektrokimyasal aktivitesiyle pil üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Rubidyum ve sezyum benzer kimyasal özelliklere sahiptirler ve birbirinin yerine gece görüş cihazları, telekomünikasyon sistemleri, yeni teknik materyaller ve enerji gibi birçok sektörde kullanılabilir. Lityum lepidolit minerali içinde bulunur. Rubidyum ve sezyum ise lityum üretiminde yan ürün olarak elde edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda tuzlu göl sularından az miktarda ekstrakte edilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada Kütahya Emet bölgesinden alınan bor kiline kalsiyum klorür ve sodyum klorür eklenerek, bor kili/kalsiyum klorür/sodyum klorür, 1/0.3/0.2 kütle oranında 950 °C'de 1 sa. kimyasal kavurma uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra erimiş karışım su ile 0.02 katı/sıvı kütle oranında 1 sa. oda sıcaklığında liç edilmiştir. Her bir metal için %85' in üstünde ekstraksiyon gerçekleştirilmiştir.Boron is one of the most important underground sources in Turkey. As a result of the boron enrichment process, large amount of wastes are accumulated, and this situation threats to the environment. There are many studies on the industrial use of boron wastes as additives in some sectors such as cement, concrete, brick, and ceramics. However, there are limited studies on the recovery of valuable metals in the content of these wastes. Thanks to recovery of these metals through the wastes; Not only the amount of waste is reduced but also contribution to the national economy is provided. It is determined that boron wastes, in particular, clay wastes contain in a considerable amount of valuable metals like lithium, rubidium and cesium. Lithium is used in battery production with its unique electrochemical reactivity. Rubidium and cesium have similar chemical properties and can be used interchangeably of each other in most sectors like night vision equipment, telecommunication systems, new technical materials and energy. Lithium is found in lepidolite mineral. Rubidium and cesium are obtained as the byproduct of lithium mining. Also, they can be extracted in small quantities from salt lake brines. In this study; the boron clay, taken from Emet region in Kütahya, was applied chemical roasting process using calcium chloride and sodium chloride with a mass ratio of the boron clay/calcium chloride/sodium chloride of 1/0.3/0.2 at 950 °C for an hour. Then the melted mixture was leached with water for an hour with solid/liquid ratio of 0.02....

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“…In addition, Rb is ubiquitous in potassium minerals, such as carnallite, mica, and potassium feldspar. 7 Geologically, the latter two minerals are found often together in granitic rocks. 8 Minor amounts of Rb are reported in brines, kaolin clay waste, boron clay waste, gold waste, and jarosite.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lepidolite ((K,Rb)Li 2 AlSi 4 O 10 F 2 ) and pollucite (Cs 2 Al 2 Si 4 O 12 ) are considered to be the known principal sources of Rb. In addition, Rb is ubiquitous in potassium minerals, such as carnallite, mica, and potassium feldspar . Geologically, the latter two minerals are found often together in granitic rocks .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubidium and Potassium Extraction from Granitic Rubidium Ore: Process Optimization and Mechanism Study

Xing

Wang

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Thus far, little is known about the use of granitic rubidium ore for the extraction of rubidium. Herein, we examined the extractability of rubidium and potassium from granitic rubidium ore via sulfuric acid baking, reductive decomposition, and alkaline leaching. In addition, the extraction mechanism was studied by using interdisciplinary approaches based on the mineralogy and thermodynamics. Under the optimum conditions, more than 94% and 92% of Rb and K were extracted, respectively. Mineralogical analysis suggests that the Rb is scatted in micas (biotite and muscovite) and potassium feldspar in the form of isomorphism. Micas were transformed into sulfates during the sulfuric acid baking process. Increasing the dosage of coal, the decomposition temperature, and the time was conducive to the decomposition of sulfates. The sulfates were transformed into aluminum oxide and potassium sulfate during the reductive decomposition process. The basic structure of potassium feldspar was unchanged in the stages of baking and decomposition. The feldspar was finally altered to cancrinite and zeolite in alkaline leaching. These phase transformations reveal the release approach of Rb and K from micas and feldspar.

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Modified calcination conditions of rare alkali metal Rb-containing muscovite (KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2)

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Rubidium Market Trends, Recovery Technologies, and the Relevant Future Countermeasures

Rubidium Market Trends, Recovery Technologies, and the Relevant Future Countermeasures

Chlorination roasting process for extraction of valuable metals in boron clays

Rubidium and Potassium Extraction from Granitic Rubidium Ore: Process Optimization and Mechanism Study

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