Modified Bean Pod Assay to Detect Strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae That Cause Bacterial Brown Spot of Snap Bean

Cheng, Guangyuan; Legard, D. E.; Hunter, J. E.; Burr, Thomas J.

doi:10.1094/pd-73-0419

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…From published data, it is not clear whether pv. syringae is a repository for strains that may in actuality have quite limited host ranges (36,164,198,247,253). A single plant species may serve as host for strains within two (or more) different pathovars, one of which is invariably pv.…”

Section: Pseudomonas Syringaementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis onPseudomonas syringae—a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte

Hirano

Upper

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

824

610

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SUMMARY The extremely large number of leaves produced by terrestrial and aquatic plants provide habitats for colonization by a diversity of microorganisms. This review focuses on the bacterial component of leaf microbial communities, with emphasis on Pseudomonas syringae—a species that participates in leaf ecosystems as a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. Among the diversity of bacteria that colonize leaves, none has received wider attention than P. syringae, as it gained notoriety for being the first recombinant organism (Ice− P. syringae) to be deliberately introduced into the environment. We focus on P. syringae to illustrate the attractiveness and somewhat unique opportunities provided by leaf ecosystems for addressing fundamental questions of microbial population dynamics and mechanisms of plant-bacterium interactions. Leaf ecosystems are dynamic and ephemeral. The physical environment surrounding phyllosphere microbes changes continuously with daily cycles in temperature, radiation, relative humidity, wind velocity, and leaf wetness. Slightly longer-term changes occur as weather systems pass. Seasonal climatic changes impose still a longer cycle. The physical and physiological characteristics of leaves change as they expand, mature, and senesce and as host phenology changes. Many of these factors influence the development of populations of P. syringae upon populations of leaves. P. syringae was first studied for its ability to cause disease on plants. However, disease causation is but one aspect of its life strategy. The bacterium can be found in association with healthy leaves, growing and surviving for many generations on the surfaces of leaves as an epiphyte. A number of genes and traits have been identified that contribute to the fitness of P. syringae in the phyllosphere. While still in their infancy, such research efforts demonstrate that the P. syringae-leaf ecosystem is a particularly attractive system with which to bridge the gap between what is known about the molecular biology of genes linked to pathogenicity and the ecology and epidemiology of associated diseases as they occur in natural settings, the field.

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Section: Pseudomonas Syringaementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis onPseudomonas syringae—a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte

Hirano

Upper

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

824

610

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“…An analysis of strains at the pathovar level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting indicated a high overall level of variation among strains and yet clustering of the majority of strains, regardless of host, within a few groups (80). syringae strains (20,37), and a genetic diversity analysis confirmed that bean strains clustered as a separate group compared to other pv. syringae strains (20,37), and a genetic diversity analysis confirmed that bean strains clustered as a separate group compared to other pv.…”

Section: Taxonomic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas syringaeDiseases of Fruit Trees: Progress Toward Understanding and Control

et al. 2007

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Diseases of fruit trees caused by pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae van Hall are of major concern in fruitproducing areas worldwide, are exceedingly difficult to control, and result in significant economic losses. The pathogen has the ability to kill both young and older trees. Systemic infection and death of young trees is a perennial problem in nurseries, and canker development leading to the girdling and death of scaffold limbs and entire trees is a common event that can lead to the rapid demise of older orchards. For example, bacterial canker of plum caused by P. syringae pv. syringae causes annual tree mortality rates as high as 30% in Germany (43), and bacterial canker of hazelnut has resulted in the mortality of large numbers of trees in Italy and other European countries (77). Yield losses due to lesions on fruit are typically more sporadic in occurrence and variety dependent, but significant yearly losses have been reported in some instances. Finally, the pathogen's trait of ice nucleation activity also could exacerbate the importance of frost injury as a predisposing factor for infection. Frost damage in commercial orchards is a sporadic problem that facilitates colonization and the initiation of pathogenesis for these opportunistic pathogens.P. syringae and its close relatives cause diseases of monocots, herbaceous dicots, and woody dicots, and these pathogens utilize an impressive array of virulence factors such as effectors, toxins, and phytohormones to incite disease symptoms. Aspects of the systematics, ecology, and genetics of P. syringae have been reviewed and discussed by many authors (cited literature examples: 6,27,44,47,52). Extensive recent research efforts have focused on Pseudomonas diseases of herbaceous plants, and our understanding of P. syringae-host interactions has been facilitated by genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and functional studies (cited literature examples: 21,31,96).Our understanding of and ability to manage P. syringae diseases of fruit trees is relevant to our understanding of P. syringae diseases of herbaceous hosts, and vice versa. The exciting new insights into host-pathogen interactions from the model systems can give us clues on how to pro-ceed with the less genetically pliable fruit tree systems. Studies of the fruit tree systems, and comparisons with the model systems, can provide insights into the interactions of P. syringae strains with woody hosts and address relevant questions, such as: What is the role of type III secretion in infection of woody tissues? What virulence traits enable the colonization of woody tissue by P. syringae? Are there differences in the roles of toxins in diseases of woody hosts and herbaceous hosts? How did some pathogens evolve the ability to induce galls in woody hosts? Can resistance mechanisms characterized in the model-system herbaceous hosts be exploited in fruit trees?The objectives of this article are (i) to provide an overview of several Pseudomonas diseases of fruit trees, (ii) to discuss the current and emerging unde...

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“…Seven‐ to 10‐day‐old‐seedlings of susceptible cultivar Canadian Wonder, were spray‐inoculated with Psp isolates (Taylor et al., 1996) to confirm pathogenicity. Young attached pods of Teebus plants were inoculated with Pss isolates using the method of Cheng et al. (1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Severity of Bacterial Diseases on Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in South Africa

Fourie¹

2002

Journal of Phytopathology

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Disease surveys were conducted during 1995/96 in seed production fields, and 1996/97 and 1997/98 in commercial dry bean‐producing areas to determine incidence, severity and spread of bacterial diseases in South Africa. A total of 682 seed production fields at 31 localities and 81 commercial fields at 24 localities were surveyed. Common bacterial blight occurred in 83 and 85% of localities in seed and commercial production areas, respectively. Halo blight was restricted to cooler production areas and occurred in only 10% of seed production fields and 37% of commercial fields surveyed. Bacterial brown spot was the most widespread bacterial disease occurring in 93% of seed production fields and 100% commercial fields. Although incidences of bacterial diseases were high, severity was generally low. The widespread distribution of bacterial diseases in both seed and commercial production areas questions the effectiveness of disease‐free seed as a primary control method.

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Modified Bean Pod Assay to Detect Strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae That Cause Bacterial Brown Spot of Snap Bean

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis onPseudomonas syringae—a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte

Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis onPseudomonas syringae—a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte

Pseudomonas syringaeDiseases of Fruit Trees: Progress Toward Understanding and Control

Distribution and Severity of Bacterial Diseases on Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in South Africa

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