Modified aqueous mobile phases: A way to improve retention behavior of active pharmaceutical compounds and their impurities in liquid chromatography

Djajić, Nevena; Krmar, Jovana; Rmandić, Milena; Rašević, Marija; Otašević, Biljana; Zečević, Mira; Malenović, Anđelija; Protić, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.jcoa.2021.100023

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…There are other strategies to approach the study of drug/CD inclusion complexes via HPLC, which involve using the CDs in the stationary phase or adding them to the mobile phase acting as mobile phase additives (MPAs) [ 223 , 224 ]. When CDs are used as MPAs, an increase in the selectivity of the separation is achieved as a consequence of a secondary chemical equilibrium between the drug and the CDs associated with the chromatographic separation equilibrium.…”

Section: Analytical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Drug Bioavailability and Activity: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects

Sarabia-Vallejo,

Caja,

Olives

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Many active pharmaceutical ingredients show low oral bioavailability due to factors such as poor solubility and physical and chemical instability. The formation of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins, as well as cyclodextrin-based polymers, nanosponges, and nanofibers, is a valuable tool to improve the oral bioavailability of many drugs. The microencapsulation process modifies key properties of the included drugs including volatility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, and bioactivity. In this context, we present relevant examples of the stabilization of labile drugs through the encapsulation in cyclodextrins. The formation of inclusion complexes with drugs belonging to class IV in the biopharmaceutical classification system as an effective solution to increase their bioavailability is also discussed. The stabilization and improvement in nutraceuticals used as food supplements, which often have low intestinal absorption due to their poor solubility, is also considered. Cyclodextrin-based nanofibers, which are polymer-free and can be generated using environmentally friendly technologies, lead to dramatic bioavailability enhancements. The synthesis of chemically modified cyclodextrins, polymers, and nanosponges based on cyclodextrins is discussed. Analytical techniques that allow the characterization and verification of the formation of true inclusion complexes are also considered, taking into account the differences in the procedures for the formation of inclusion complexes in solution and in the solid state.

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Section: Analytical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Drug Bioavailability and Activity: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects

Sarabia-Vallejo,

Caja,

Olives

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…Compromised retention of basic solutes can be promoted by introducing ioninteraction agents into the mobile phase. Ion interaction chromatography (IIC) involves a series of equilibration processes between chromatographic phases and analytes, which necessitates the understanding of the separation process [85,86]. An IIC system, with added chaotropic salts, was assessed by Čolović et al [63].…”

Section: Ion-interaction Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, surfactant interaction with both analyte and stationary phase implies the presence of secondary equilibration. Thus, the exploration of the MLC retention process is challenging [85,87]. A QSRR-MLR modeling approach was performed by Ramezani et al for testing anthraquinones.…”

Section: Micellar Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography

Krmar¹,

Svrkota²,

Đajić³

et al. 2023

Novel Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics

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One-factor-at-a-time experimentation was used for a long time as gold-standard optimization for liquid chromatographic (LC) method development. This approach has two downsides as it requires a needlessly great number of experimental runs and it is unable to identify possible factor interactions. At the end of the last century, however, this problem could be solved with the introduction of new chemometric strategies. This chapter aims at presenting quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) models with structuring possibilities, from the point of feature selection through various machine learning algorithms that can be used in model building, for internal and external validation of the proposed models. The presented strategies of QSRR model can be a good starting point for analysts to use and adopt them as a good practice for their applications. QSRR models can be used in predicting the retention behavior of compounds, to point out the molecular features governing the retention, and consequently to gain insight into the retention mechanisms. In terms of these applications, special attention was drawn to modified chromatographic systems, characterized by mobile or stationary phase modifications. Although chromatographic methods are applied in a wide variety of fields, the greatest attention has been devoted to the analysis of pharmaceuticals.

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“…4,10 Both methods utilize a micellar mobile phase, which can have certain disadvantages, such as weak elution strength, especially when used with chromatographic columns of typical pore size and reduced efficiency. 14 Also, these methods require longer system equilibration time, and surfactant precipitation and crystal formation can occur around the pump or in the column. 15 Given the nature of the work in the pharmaceutical industry, applying an MLC method for drug quality control would be time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly RP-HPLC method for determination of diazepam in coated tablet

Tomić,

Božinovska,

Anevska-Stojanovska

et al. 2023

Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.

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A new eco-friendly RP-HPLC method for determining diazepam in coated tablets was developed and validated. The separation was achieved on a Lichrosper® 100 RP-18 (250 mm × 4 mm, 5 µm particle size) using the isocratic elution mode with a mobile phase composed of a mixture of water (H2O) and ethanol (EtOH) in a 40:60 (v/v %) ratio and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The injection volume was 10 μL, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 35 ºC. The method was validated according to the ICH guideline, emphasizing selectivity/specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The analytical method greenness score and Eco-scale approach were used for the method’s greenness assessment. The method was applied to determine the assay of diazepam in coated tablets and the uniformity of dosage units by content uniformity. Applying the method proposed in this study in the pharmaceutical industry is considered environmentally sustainable. It would bring benefits in terms of a safer working environment and reduction of toxic waste formation without compromising the reliability of the analytical results.

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Modified aqueous mobile phases: A way to improve retention behavior of active pharmaceutical compounds and their impurities in liquid chromatography

Cited by 12 publications

References 175 publications

Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Drug Bioavailability and Activity: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects

Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Drug Bioavailability and Activity: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects

QSRR Approach: Application to Retention Mechanism in Liquid Chromatography

Eco-friendly RP-HPLC method for determination of diazepam in coated tablet

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