Modifications of viscoelastic properties and physiological parameters after performing uphill and downhill running trials

Bascuas, Pablo J.; Bataller-Cervero, Ana Vanessa; Gutiérrez, Héctor; Berzosa, César

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11131-9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This outcome suggests that the performance difference among top performers is determined by other factors than the pacing strategy (e.g., VO2max fat mass, body mass index [ 50 ] or lactate threshold [ 49 ]). As for downhill running, the capacity to minimize exercise-induced muscle damage during competitions by means of specific training plays a critical role [ 42 ], as well as the musculotendinous capacity to absorb impacts as high as 6G [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downhill Sections Are Crucial for Performance in Trail Running Ultramarathons—A Pacing Strategy Analysis

Genitrini

Fritz

Zimmermann

et al. 2022

JFMK

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Trail running is an increasingly popular discipline, especially over long-distance races (>42.195 km). Pacing strategy, i.e., how athletes modulate running speed for managing their energies during a race, appears to have a significant impact on overall performance. The aims of this study were to investigate whether performance level, terrain (i.e., uphill or downhill) and race stage affect pacing strategy and whether any interactions between these factors are evident. Race data from four race courses, with multiple editions (total races = 16), were retrieved from their respective events websites. A linear mixed effect model was applied to the full dataset, as well as to two subgroups of the top 10 male and female finishers, to assess potential differences in pacing strategy (i.e., investigated in terms of relative speed). Better finishers (i.e., athletes ranking in the best positions) tend to run downhill sections at higher relative speeds and uphill sections at lower relative speeds than slower counterparts (p < 0.001). In the later race stages, the relative speed decrease is larger in downhill sections than in uphill ones (p < 0.001) and in downhill sections, slower finishers perform systematically worse than faster ones, but the performance difference (i.e., between slower and faster finishers) becomes significantly larger in the later race stages (p < 0.001). Among elite athletes, no difference in pacing strategy between faster and slower finishers was found (p > 0.05). Both men (p < 0.001) and women (p < 0.001), in the later race stages, slow down more in downhill sections than in uphill ones. Moreover, elite women tend to slow down more than men (p < 0.001) in the later race stages, regardless of the terrain, in contrast to previous studies focusing on road ultramarathons. In conclusion, running downhill sections at higher relative speeds, most likely due to less accentuated fatigue effects, as well as minimizing performance decrease in the later race stages in downhill sections, appears to be a hallmark of the better finishers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downhill Sections Are Crucial for Performance in Trail Running Ultramarathons—A Pacing Strategy Analysis

Genitrini

Fritz

Zimmermann

et al. 2022

JFMK

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“…While the main factors determining endurance running performance were exhaustively investigated in scientific literature (i.e., maximum oxygen consumption -VO 2max -, velocity associated to VO 2max -vVO 2max -, lactate threshold -LT-and running economy -RE-) [1,2], the key factors affecting trail running performance were scarcely studied until recently. In this regard, studies have predominately focused on metabolic (e.g., VO 2max , vVO 2max , RE), biomechanical (e.g., vertical running speed, ground contact time and flight time, stride length and frequency, ground technicity) and neuromuscular (e.g., stiffness, lower-limb muscular endurance and extensor muscles maximum strength) parameters during both uphill and downhill running [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Recreational Trail Runners: A Pilot Study

Pérez

Varela-Sanz

Lago-Fuentes

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Understanding fatigue mechanisms is crucial for exercise performance. However, scientific evidence on non-invasive methods for assessing fatigue in trail running competitions is scarce, especially when vertical kilometer trail running races (VK) are considered. The main purpose of this study was to assess the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity (i.e., central fatigue) and the state of muscle activation (i.e., peripheral fatigue) before and after a VK competition. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was performed. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 8 recreational male trail runners (31.63 ± 7.21 yrs, 1.75 m ± 0.05 m, 70.38 ± 5.41 kg, BMI: 22.88 ± 0.48, running experience: 8.0 ± 3.63 yrs, weekly training volume: 58.75 ± 10.35 km) volunteered to participate and were assessed for both central (i.e., via heart rate variability, HRV) and peripheral (via tensiomyography, TMG) fatigue before and after a VK race. Results: After the VK, resting heart rate, RMSSD (p = 0.01 for both) and SDNN significantly decreased (p = 0.02), while the stress score and the sympathetic-parasympathetic ratio increased (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). The TMG analyses suggest that runners already suffered peripheral fatigue before the VK and that 20–30 min are enough for muscular recovery after the race. In summary, our data suggest that participants experienced a pre-competition fatigue status. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying fatigue during trail running races, while training periodization and tapering strategies could play a key role for minimizing pre-competition fatigue status.

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Modifications of viscoelastic properties and physiological parameters after performing uphill and downhill running trials

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Downhill Sections Are Crucial for Performance in Trail Running Ultramarathons—A Pacing Strategy Analysis

Downhill Sections Are Crucial for Performance in Trail Running Ultramarathons—A Pacing Strategy Analysis

Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Recreational Trail Runners: A Pilot Study

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