Modifications of the Properties and Composition of the Dentin Matrix Caused by Dental Caries

Armstrong, W.G.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3117-4.50017-6

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The Maillard reaction in teeth in vitro was studied especially during the 50s and 60s by Dreizen and coworkers and by Armstrong, and is reviewed by Armstrong (1964). Pigmentation of demineralized teeth, resistance of browned demineralized dentin to proteolysis, and acidprecipitated pigments were produced artificially in vitro and showed strong resemblance to in vivo observations.…”

Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furfurals are reactive intermediates of the Maillard reaction, which react with proteins. The demineralized matrix of enamel and dentin is browned intensely by furfurals (Armstrong, 1964;Dreizen et al, 1964;Engel, 1968).…”

Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lysis of bacteria in caries lesions (Schüpbach et al, 1992) will release intracellular metabolites. Glycolysis products such as glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone brown teeth in vitro (Armstrong, 1964;Dreizen et al, 1964;Engel, 1968). Acetaldehyde and acetoin can be excreted in substantial amounts by lactic acid bacteria, in addition to diacetyl and methylglyoxal.…”

Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, acetoin excretion has been studied in Streptococcus mutans (Hillman et al, 1987). Acetaldehyde (Nordbö, 1971) and methylglyoxal (Armstrong, 1964) stain teeth in vitro. So far, only one report (Engel, 1971) has identified (by infrared spectrometry) a discoloration in enamel as an analogon of the glyceraldehyde/glycine pigment.…”

Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although active black lesions have recently been described (Lynch and Beighton, 1994), caries is generally considered still active in a soft or leathery brownish lesion, but arrested in a hard black lesion (Banting, 1991;Fejerskov and Nyvad, 1986). One explanation for the browning involves the Maillard reaction (Armstrong, 1964;Dreizen et al, 1964). The mechanisms of this reaction between carbohydrate and protein are under extensive investigation because of its contribution to the browning of heated foods and its involvement in diabetic pathology (Van Boekel, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactions of the organic matrix in dentin caries

Kleter¹

2003

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A tooth consists of pulp tissues encased in hard, mineralized tissues. Dentin-forming cells (odontoblasts) are found at the border of the pulp. Odontoblasts have extensions running centripetally through narrow channels (tubules) in predentin and dentin, a bone-like tissue. Predentin is deposited by odontoblasts and consists of organic matrix. Mineralization takes place some time after the predentin deposition, thus at some distance from the odontoblast. Mineralization of the organic matrix is induced by enzymes and proteins secreted by the odontoblast extensions into the predentin at the level of the mineralization front. The tubules end in the outer part of dentin (mantle dentin), the composition of which deviates from bulk dentin. Dentin consists of mineral (70 wt%), water (10 wt%) and organic matrix (20 wt%). At the tooth's crown, dentin is lined with enamel, a mineralized tissue with far less of an organic matrix than dentin. Normally only a part of the crown is exposed to the oral cavity. Root dentin is lined with cementum, a thin layer of partially mineralized tissue containing organic material. The cementum near the root apex is of a cellular nature, but becomes increasingly acellular towards the crown. The tooth is set in the alveolar ridge of the jaw, and is encircled by the periodontal ligament, which helps absorb the mechanical forces exerted on the tooth. Above the alveolar bone, the tooth is covered by soft, gingival tissue.Dentin organic matrix. The organic matrix of dentin consists of collagen for 90 wt%. Non-collagenous compounds comprise proteoglycans, highlyphosphorylated proteins, osteonectin, osteocalcin, dentin sialoprotein, and lipids (Boskey, 1989; Butler et al., 1992; Goldberg and Septier, 1985; Linde, 1989). Several non-collagenous compounds play a role in dentin formation and mineralization.Collagen is the most prevalent protein in the human body. Nineteen types of collagen have been described. The common feature is the triple helix: three polypeptide chains (α) coiled around each other. It is essential that glycine occupies each third position in the α chains. High contents of hydroxyproline stabilize the structure. Type I collagen prevails in dentin. Its molecules have 300-nm-long rod shapes, containing triple helices (1011 residues per α chain) flanked by short non-helical ends (6-25 residues per α chain). Fibrils are evenly-spaced, linearly-aligned, cylindrical groupings of molecules. The fibrils show alternating bands in electron microscopy due to the overlapping of negatively charged 7 molecule segments stained by heavy metal ions, yielding a specific "banding pattern". Parallel fibrils are gathered into fibres (Van der Rest and Bruckner, 1993).Type V collagen has been found in dentin (Lukinmaa and Waltimo, 1992) and is involved in fibril formation. Some peculiarities have been noted for dentinal type I collagen. For example, a high content of α 1 chains in rat dentin indicates the presence of molecules composed of three α 1 chains apart from the usual (α 1 ) 2 α 2 composition...

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Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Reactions In the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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