Modifications of AODV Routing Protocol to Prevent the Effects of Blackhole Attack in MANET

Abstract

Mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) are composed of independent and self organized nodes without the need of any infrastructure. Mobile adhoc networks consist of mobile devices that are freely moving inside and outside in the network. These devices can operate as a host, a router or both at the same time. These nodes have the ability to organize themselves because of their self configurable capability; they can be organized immediately without the help of any infrastructure. Due to various features like open medium, dynamic topology, lack of defensive mechanism, makes MANET more susceptible to security problems and attacks. Ad hoc On-Demand Distance vector routing protocol (AODV) is one of the best and most popular routing protocols in MANET. This routing protocol is frequently affected by well known black hole attack in which it injects a forged route reply message that considers as it has a fresh enough route to destination node. In this research we have modified AODV routing protocol to implement blackhole attack in NS-2 and measure its impact on the performance of AODV routing protocol by using different performance metrics like Average Throughput, Normalized Routing Overhead, Packet Delivery Ratio, and Number of Dropped Packets. After measuring the impacts of blackhole attack on the performance of normal AODV routing protocol we have implemented and simulated our proposed solution to prevent and minimize the effects of blackhole attack using NS-2. The proposed solution is implemented in NS-2 using AES symmetric cryptographic technique and digital signature schemes to secure AODV routing protocol of MANET from blackhole attack. After implementing and integrating our proposed solution in to NS-2, we have measured and analyzed the result of our proposed solution through NS-2 simulator with various network performance parameters. The simulation result shows that the proposed solution effectively prevents and minimizes the effects of blackhole attack in AODV routing protocol.