Modifications of antioxidant activity and protein composition of bean leaf due to Bean yellow mosaic virus infection and salicylic acid treatments

Abstract

The antioxidant status as well as protein composition of faba bean leaves infected with Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and the effect of salicylic acid application was examined in this paper. Some modifications in the antioxidant status were observed by changing some antioxidant enzymes activities and contents of antioxidant metabolites. BYMV-infected leaves revealed POD, CAT, APX and SOD induced activities while SA treatments could inhibit POD, CAT activities but induced SOD activity. The enzyme activities seemed to be SA concentration dependant. Higher H 2 O 2 and MDA concentrations were recorded in virus-infected leaves than those of the corresponding controls while treatment with SA followed by virus inoculation caused lowering of MDA concentration and reducing the damage due to lipid peroxidation. Moreover, because of virus infection and/or SA treatments, an increase in the amounts of phenolics and flavonoids was noticed. As compared to the control, BYMV infection or SA application caused pronounced increase in the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts detected by DPPH assay, indicating an increase in the amounts of antioxidant compounds occurred. To test the protein composition, the contents of each protein fractions (soluble, insoluble and total) were analyzed and the change in protein patterns was visualized using SDS-PAGE. The BYMV-infected bean leaves had protein contents higher than the control indicating accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. Moreover, spraying SA with or without virus inoculation could accumulate soluble, insoluble and total proteins and the pattern of increase was in accordance with SA concentration. Alterations in protein patterns were observed in faba bean leaves (Vicia faba cv Giza 461) in response to BYMV infection and SA treatments. Because of BYMV infection and SA treatments, the protein profiles showed new bands in comparison to the control. Some polypeptides were highly accumulated in treatments of SA followed by virus inoculation. Changing antioxidant status and accumulation of some antioxidant metabolites as well as the pronounced alterations in the protein composition indicate a kind of plant response against pathogen invasion and in case of SA treatment it is considered a way by which a defence response was initiated and/or activated.

Biochemical Characterization of Compatible Plant Virus Interaction: A Case Study with Bunchy Top Virus-Banana Host-Pathosystem

“…4a). This result is in accordance with the results of Tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco (Lagrimini and Rothstein,1987), plum pox virus infected peaches, apricots (Diaz-Vivancos et al, 2006), Beans yellow mosaic virus infected beans (Radwan et al, 2010), Potato virus Y infected potato (Milavec et al, 2001), tomato and bell pepper infected with Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic tobamo virus (Madhusudhan et al, 2009), Cucumber mosaic virus and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus infected Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo plants ( Riedle-Bauer, 2000), Tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco plants (Kiraly et al, 2002), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infected tomato plants (Dieng et al, 2011), Banana bunchy top virus infected cultivars of banana (Devanathan et al, 2005), geminivirus infected Capsicum annum (Meena et al, 2008) and cotton with CLCuBuV (Siddique et al, 2014). Virus infection appears to stimulate POX activity in all hosts in (Wood, 1990).…”

Antioxidant and Oxidant Levels of Pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. ‘Charlee’) Infected with Pepper Mild Mottle Virus

“…On the other hand, stress metabolites such as H 2 O 2 and MDA (malondialdhyde) tend to increase following virus infections. For example, higher H 2 O 2 and MDA concentrations were recorded in bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) virus-infected faba bean leaves as compared to corresponding controls (Radwan et al, 2010). Additionally, the content of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as either soluble or insoluble proteins, also tend to increase following the occurrence of stress.…”

“…Additionally, the content of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as either soluble or insoluble proteins, also tend to increase following the occurrence of stress. Radwan et al (2010) reported that BYMV-infected bean leaves had a protein content higher than the control, indicating the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins and concluded that changing antioxidant status and the accumulation of some antioxidant metabolites, as well as pronounced alterations in the protein composition, indicated a kind of plant response against pathogen invasion. Similarly, Hernandez et al (2004) reported that a longterm effect of plum pox (PPV) virus infection produced an oxidative stress that was monitored as an increase of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and suggested an imbalance in antioxidative metabolism, which eventually resulted in the progress of PPV infection and related symptoms in peach plants.…”

Bacterial Detoxification of Copper and Its Impacts on Germination Indices of Barley and Mung Bean

“…Presence of ROS causes oxidative damage to biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc. (Radwan et al, 2010 andRadwan, 2012). The transition metals such as Cu can act as specific cofactors for numerous metalloproteins because of their physical and chemical properties.…”