Modifications and Adaptations of the Charm II Rapid Antibody Assay for Chloramphenicol in Honey

Abstract

The Charm II screening method for the presence of chloramphenicol in honey has a sensitivity of 0.3 ppb. This screening method is a simple, rapid antibody assay using [3H]chloramphenicol and a binding reagent. Analysis of different types of honey revealed considerable differences in results. Honey can be liquid, crystallized (creamed), or partially crystallized and is classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture into seven color categories: water white, extra white, white, extra light amber, light amber, amber, and dark amber. Fortified and nonfortified liquid amber honey tested appropriately with the Charm II unit and the negative control provided with the unit after slight modifications were made. However, approximately 70% of creamed honey samples fortified at 0.6 ppb did not test positive for the presence of chloramphenicol using the provided negative control. Matrix quenching effects were evaluated, and these effects were accounted for by establishing different assay conditions for different honey types.

Study of the distribution and depletion of chloramphenicol residues in bee products extracted from treated honeybee (Apis melliferaL.) colonies

“…Adams et al ( McMullen et al, 2004;Ashwin et al, 2005) and royal jelly (Fujita et al, 2005;Wen et al, 2005) knowledge on the distribution and depletion of CAP in bee products from bee colonies dosed with CAP is limited. The main purpose of the study described here was to investigate the distribution and depletion of CAP in bee colonies dosed with CAP.…”

Residues of antibiotics and sulfonamides in honeys from Basque Country (NE Spain)

“…The honey extract had active reagents added in sequential and competitive assay formats at various incubation temperatures optimized for drug detection. Extraction procedure was as described in Operator's manual for sulfa 011 and test for antimicrobial drugs in honey (beta‐lactams and tetracyclines), including a new edition for chloramphenicol assay 27, 28. The test took 12–20 minutes for a multitude of antibiotics.…”

“…Finally, the residue was dissolved with 300 µL distilled water and 3 mL scintillation fluid (Opti‐fluor). Immediately, the solution was measured on [ 3 H] channel of Charm analyzer (cpm), and compared with control point 27, 28…”

“…Extraction procedure was as described in Operator's manual for sulfa 011 and test for antimicrobial drugs in honey (beta-lactams and tetracyclines), including a new edition for chloramphenicol assay. 27,28 The test took 12-20 minutes for a multitude of antibiotics. Sulfonamides assay used a more complex acid hydrolysis and reverse phase preparation to eliminate p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and convert carbohydrate-SAs into free form (total time 1 h).…”

“…Immediately, the solution was measured on [ 3 H] channel of Charm analyzer (cpm), and compared with control point. 27,28…”