Modification strategies to enhance electrosorption performance of activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization applications

A review of arsenic mitigation strategies in community water supplies with insights from South Asia: options, opportunities and constraints

“…184 Factors such as low electrical conductivity, poor wettability, lack of interconnected pores, and poor mechanical strength of activated carbon have raised serious concerns among researchers. 185 These issues can be overcome by combining other materials with AC electrodes. A novel electrode was fabricated by combining Fe-rGO with AC to remove As.…”

Membrane-Current Collector-Based Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization System: A Novel Stack Configuration for Scale-Up Desalination

“…7 The extracted ions are finally stored in electrical double layers (EDLs) which form at the electrolyte−electrode interface in the pores of porous electrodes. 8,9 Due to the limited adsorption capacity of static electrodes, 4,7 classic CDI can function only in an intermittent manner for desalting lowsalinity water. 10,11 Of the many exciting CDI variants, flowelectrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is receiving increasing attention due to its pseudo-infinite electrosorption capacity; 12−16 that is, electrode regeneration can be achieved by continuously mixing oppositely charged electrodes in the external reservoir in short-circuited closed-cycle (SCC) operation.…”

“…Capacitive deionization (CDI) has seen increasing interest as an energy-efficient alternative to the state-of-the-art desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, − and has been applied to various water sources (e.g., seawater and brackish water). − In a typical CDI system, ions are removed from the sandwiched spacer chamber with a moderate electric potential (generally U < 1.5 V) as the driving force . The extracted ions are finally stored in electrical double layers (EDLs) which form at the electrolyte–electrode interface in the pores of porous electrodes. , Due to the limited adsorption capacity of static electrodes, , classic CDI can function only in an intermittent manner for desalting low-salinity water. , Of the many exciting CDI variants, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is receiving increasing attention due to its pseudo-infinite electrosorption capacity; − that is, electrode regeneration can be achieved by continuously mixing oppositely charged electrodes in the external reservoir in short-circuited closed-cycle (SCC) operation. , By continuously replenishing the electrode chamber with fresh or regenerated flow electrodes, FCDI exhibits high desalination performance and the possibility of continuous operation.…”

Predicting the potential of capacitive deionization for the separation of pH‐dependent organic molecules

“…Potential free adsorption (often referred to as physical adsorption) is a major issue for the efficiency of electrosorption, and it can be expected that this is even more the case for organic molecules usually showing a higher affinity towards physical adsorption onto carbon materials than strong electrolytes like NaCl. The reason for the negative effect of this physically adsorbed ions on electrosorption processes becomes clear when one realizes that a charge entering the electrode can be balanced not only by the absorption of an oppositely charged ion, but also by the release of an equally charged coion, illustrated by the arrows in Figure 1B [1, 28–31]. Several attempts were made to decline the influence of coion repulsion by means of ion‐selective membranes placed in front of the electrodes [31–33].…”